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Senate File 2417 - EnrolledAn Actestablishing requirements and guidelines for
conversational AI services, and providing civil penalties,
and including applicability provisions.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF IOWA:
Section 1. NEW SECTION. 554J.1 Definitions.
For the purposes of this chapter:
1. “Account holder” means an individual to which an account
or profile to use a conversational AI service belongs.
2. a. “Conversational AI service” means an artificial
intelligence, available by software application, web interface,
or computer program, that is accessible to the general
public and that has the primary purpose of simulating human
conversation and interaction through text, audio communication,
or visual communication.
-1- b. “Conversational AI service” does not include a software
application, web interface, or computer program that is any of
the following:
(1) Primarily designed and marketed for research and
development purposes.
(2) A feature within another software application, web
interface, or computer program that does not have the primary
purpose of simulating human conversation and interaction
through text, audio communication, or visual communication.
(3) Designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and
discrete topic.
(4) Primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by
business entities to assist customers in obtaining services or
purchasing goods from the business.
(5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or
voice-activated virtual assistant for an electronic device
widely available to consumers.
(6) Used by a business solely for internal purposes.
3. “Minor” means an individual an operator knows is, or is
reasonably certain is, under eighteen years of age.
4. “Operator” means a person who develops and makes a
conversational AI service available to the public. “Operator”
does not include a mobile device application store or a search
engine solely because the mobile device application store or a
search engine provides access to a conversational AI service.
5. “Sexually explicit conduct” means the same as defined in
18 U.S.C. §2256.
6. “Visual depiction” means the same as defined in 18 U.S.C.
§2256.
Sec. 2. NEW SECTION. 554J.2 Conversational AI services —
minors — requirements.
1. An operator shall clearly and conspicuously disclose
to a minor account holder that the minor account holder is
interacting with artificial intelligence through any of the
following:
-2- a. A persistent visible disclaimer.
b. All of the following:
(1) A disclaimer that appears at the beginning of each
interaction between the operator’s conversational AI service
and a minor account holder.
(2) A disclaimer that appears at least once every three
hours of continuous interaction between the operator’s
conversational AI service and a minor account holder.
2. An operator shall not provide a minor user with points
or similar rewards at unpredictable intervals with the
intent to encourage increased engagement with the operator’s
conversational AI service.
3. An operator shall institute reasonable measures to
prevent the operator’s conversational AI service from doing any
of the following for minor account holders:
a. Producing visual depictions of sexually explicit
material.
b. Stating that the minor account holder should engage in
sexually explicit conduct.
c. Sexually objectifying the minor account holder.
4. An operator shall institute reasonable measures
to prevent the operator’s conversational AI service from
generating statements that would lead a reasonable individual
to believe that the individual is interacting with a human,
including but not limited to all of the following:
a. Explicit claims that the conversational AI service is
sentient or human.
b. Statements that simulate emotional dependence on a minor
account holder.
c. Statements that simulate a romantic interaction or a
sexual innuendo.
d. Role-playing an adult-minor romantic relationship.
5. a. An operator shall offer tools for minor account
holders to manage the minor account holder’s privacy and
account settings.
-3- b. An operator shall offer tools for the parent or guardian
of a minor account holder to manage the minor account holder’s
privacy and account settings if the minor is under thirteen
years of age.
c. An operator shall offer tools for the parent or guardian
of a minor account holder to manage the minor account holder’s
privacy and account settings as appropriate based on relevant
risks.
Sec. 3. NEW SECTION. 554J.3 Consumer disclosures.
An operator shall clearly and conspicuously disclose using
a persistent visible disclaimer, or a disclaimer that appears
after every three hours of continuous interaction with the
operator’s conversational AI service, that the operator’s
conversational AI service is artificial intelligence if a
reasonable individual interacting with the conversational AI
service would believe that the individual is interacting with a
human.
Sec. 4. NEW SECTION. 554J.4 Suicide and self-harm protocol.
An operator shall adopt protocols for the operator’s
conversational AI service for responding to user prompts
regarding suicidal ideation or self-harm that includes but is
not limited to making reasonable efforts to refer the user to
crisis service providers such as a suicide hotline, crisis text
line, or other appropriate crisis service.
Sec. 5. NEW SECTION. 554J.5 Mental health care.
An operator shall not knowingly and intentionally cause or
program a conversational AI service to make a representation or
statement that would lead a reasonable individual to believe
that the conversational AI service is designed to provide
professional psychology or behavioral health services that an
individual would require licensure under chapter 154B or 154D
to provide.
Sec. 6. NEW SECTION. 554J.6 Penalties and enforcement.
1. An operator that violates this chapter shall be subject
to an injunction and liable for the greater of the following:
-4- a. Actual damages.
b. A civil penalty of one thousand dollars per violation, up
to a maximum of five hundred thousand dollars per operator.
2. The attorney general shall have the authority to enforce
this chapter and shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 17A to
administer this chapter.
3. A civil penalty collected under this section shall be
deposited into the general fund of the state.
4. This chapter shall not be construed to create a private
right of action under this chapter or any other law.
5. This section shall not be construed to make a developer
of an artificial intelligence model liable solely because a
third party used the developer’s artificial intelligence model
to create or train a conversational AI service.
Sec. 7. APPLICABILITY. This Act applies July 1, 2027.
______________________________
AMY SINCLAIR
President of the Senate
______________________________
PAT GRASSLEY
Speaker of the House
I hereby certify that this bill originated in the Senate and
is known as Senate File 2417, Ninety-first General Assembly.
______________________________
W. CHARLES SMITHSON
Secretary of the Senate
Approved _______________, 2026
______________________________
KIM REYNOLDS
Governor
dg/jh
conversational AI services, and providing civil penalties,
and including applicability provisions.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF IOWA:
Section 1. NEW SECTION. 554J.1 Definitions.
For the purposes of this chapter:
1. “Account holder” means an individual to which an account
or profile to use a conversational AI service belongs.
2. a. “Conversational AI service” means an artificial
intelligence, available by software application, web interface,
or computer program, that is accessible to the general
public and that has the primary purpose of simulating human
conversation and interaction through text, audio communication,
or visual communication.
-1- b. “Conversational AI service” does not include a software
application, web interface, or computer program that is any of
the following:
(1) Primarily designed and marketed for research and
development purposes.
(2) A feature within another software application, web
interface, or computer program that does not have the primary
purpose of simulating human conversation and interaction
through text, audio communication, or visual communication.
(3) Designed to provide outputs relating to a narrow and
discrete topic.
(4) Primarily designed and marketed for commercial use by
business entities to assist customers in obtaining services or
purchasing goods from the business.
(5) Functions as a speaker and voice command interface or
voice-activated virtual assistant for an electronic device
widely available to consumers.
(6) Used by a business solely for internal purposes.
3. “Minor” means an individual an operator knows is, or is
reasonably certain is, under eighteen years of age.
4. “Operator” means a person who develops and makes a
conversational AI service available to the public. “Operator”
does not include a mobile device application store or a search
engine solely because the mobile device application store or a
search engine provides access to a conversational AI service.
5. “Sexually explicit conduct” means the same as defined in
18 U.S.C. §2256.
6. “Visual depiction” means the same as defined in 18 U.S.C.
§2256.
Sec. 2. NEW SECTION. 554J.2 Conversational AI services —
minors — requirements.
1. An operator shall clearly and conspicuously disclose
to a minor account holder that the minor account holder is
interacting with artificial intelligence through any of the
following:
-2- a. A persistent visible disclaimer.
b. All of the following:
(1) A disclaimer that appears at the beginning of each
interaction between the operator’s conversational AI service
and a minor account holder.
(2) A disclaimer that appears at least once every three
hours of continuous interaction between the operator’s
conversational AI service and a minor account holder.
2. An operator shall not provide a minor user with points
or similar rewards at unpredictable intervals with the
intent to encourage increased engagement with the operator’s
conversational AI service.
3. An operator shall institute reasonable measures to
prevent the operator’s conversational AI service from doing any
of the following for minor account holders:
a. Producing visual depictions of sexually explicit
material.
b. Stating that the minor account holder should engage in
sexually explicit conduct.
c. Sexually objectifying the minor account holder.
4. An operator shall institute reasonable measures
to prevent the operator’s conversational AI service from
generating statements that would lead a reasonable individual
to believe that the individual is interacting with a human,
including but not limited to all of the following:
a. Explicit claims that the conversational AI service is
sentient or human.
b. Statements that simulate emotional dependence on a minor
account holder.
c. Statements that simulate a romantic interaction or a
sexual innuendo.
d. Role-playing an adult-minor romantic relationship.
5. a. An operator shall offer tools for minor account
holders to manage the minor account holder’s privacy and
account settings.
-3- b. An operator shall offer tools for the parent or guardian
of a minor account holder to manage the minor account holder’s
privacy and account settings if the minor is under thirteen
years of age.
c. An operator shall offer tools for the parent or guardian
of a minor account holder to manage the minor account holder’s
privacy and account settings as appropriate based on relevant
risks.
Sec. 3. NEW SECTION. 554J.3 Consumer disclosures.
An operator shall clearly and conspicuously disclose using
a persistent visible disclaimer, or a disclaimer that appears
after every three hours of continuous interaction with the
operator’s conversational AI service, that the operator’s
conversational AI service is artificial intelligence if a
reasonable individual interacting with the conversational AI
service would believe that the individual is interacting with a
human.
Sec. 4. NEW SECTION. 554J.4 Suicide and self-harm protocol.
An operator shall adopt protocols for the operator’s
conversational AI service for responding to user prompts
regarding suicidal ideation or self-harm that includes but is
not limited to making reasonable efforts to refer the user to
crisis service providers such as a suicide hotline, crisis text
line, or other appropriate crisis service.
Sec. 5. NEW SECTION. 554J.5 Mental health care.
An operator shall not knowingly and intentionally cause or
program a conversational AI service to make a representation or
statement that would lead a reasonable individual to believe
that the conversational AI service is designed to provide
professional psychology or behavioral health services that an
individual would require licensure under chapter 154B or 154D
to provide.
Sec. 6. NEW SECTION. 554J.6 Penalties and enforcement.
1. An operator that violates this chapter shall be subject
to an injunction and liable for the greater of the following:
-4- a. Actual damages.
b. A civil penalty of one thousand dollars per violation, up
to a maximum of five hundred thousand dollars per operator.
2. The attorney general shall have the authority to enforce
this chapter and shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 17A to
administer this chapter.
3. A civil penalty collected under this section shall be
deposited into the general fund of the state.
4. This chapter shall not be construed to create a private
right of action under this chapter or any other law.
5. This section shall not be construed to make a developer
of an artificial intelligence model liable solely because a
third party used the developer’s artificial intelligence model
to create or train a conversational AI service.
Sec. 7. APPLICABILITY. This Act applies July 1, 2027.
______________________________
AMY SINCLAIR
President of the Senate
______________________________
PAT GRASSLEY
Speaker of the House
I hereby certify that this bill originated in the Senate and
is known as Senate File 2417, Ninety-first General Assembly.
______________________________
W. CHARLES SMITHSON
Secretary of the Senate
Approved _______________, 2026
______________________________
KIM REYNOLDS
Governor
dg/jh