1. Paternity which is legally established may be overcome as provided in this section if subsequent blood or genetic testing indicates that the previously established father of a child is not the biological father of the child. Unless otherwise provided in this section, this section applies to the overcoming of paternity which has been established according to any of the means provided in section 252A.3, subsection 8, by operation of law when the established father and the mother of the child are or were married to each other, or as determined by a court of this state under any other applicable chapter.
2. This section does not apply to any of the following:
a. A paternity determination made in or by a foreign jurisdiction and, notwithstanding section 252A.20, a paternity determination which has been made in or by a foreign jurisdiction and registered in this state in accordance with section 252A.18.
b. A paternity determination based upon a court or administrative order if the order was entered based upon blood or genetic test results which demonstrate that the alleged father was not excluded and that the probability of the alleged father's paternity was ninety-five percent or higher, unless the tests were conducted prior to July 1, 1992.
3. Establishment of paternity may be overcome under this section if all of the following conditions are met:
a. The action to overcome paternity is filed with the court prior to the child reaching majority.
(1) A petition to overcome paternity may be filed only by the mother of the child, the established father of the child, the child, or the legal representative of any of these parties.
(2) If paternity was established by court or administrative order, a petition to overcome paternity shall be filed in the county in which the order is filed.
(3) In all other determinations of paternity, a petition to overcome paternity shall be filed in an appropriate county in accordance with the rules of civil procedure.
b. The petition contains, at a minimum, all of the following:
(1) The legal name, age, and domicile, if any, of the child.
(2) The names, residences, and domicile of the following:
(a) Living parents of the child.
(b) Guardian of the child.
(c) Custodian of the child.
(d) Guardian ad litem of the child.
(e) Petitioner.
(f) Person standing in the place of the parents of the child.
(3) A plain statement that the petitioner believes that the established father is not the biological father of the child, any reasons for this belief, and that the petitioner wishes to have the paternity determination set aside.
(4) A plain statement explaining why the petitioner does not know any of the information required under subparagraphs (1) and (2).
c. Notice of the action to overcome paternity is served on any parent of the child not initiating the action and any assignee of the support obligation, in accordance with the rules of civil procedure and in accordance with the following:
(1) If enforcement services are being provided by the child support recovery unit pursuant to chapter 252B, notice shall also be served on the child support recovery unit.
(2) The responding party shall have twenty days from the date of the service of the notice to file a written response with the court.
d. A guardian ad litem is appointed for the child.
e. Blood or genetic testing is conducted in accordance with section 600B.41 or chapter 252F.
(1) Unless otherwise specified pursuant to subsection 2 or 8, blood or genetic testing shall be conducted in all cases prior to the determination by the court of the best interest of the child in an action to overcome the establishment of paternity.
(2) Unless otherwise specified in this section, section 600B.41 applies to blood or genetic tests conducted as the result of an action brought to overcome paternity.
(3) The court may order additional testing to be conducted by the expert or an independent expert in order to confirm a test upon which an expert concludes that the established father is not the biological father of the child.
f. The court finds that the conclusion of the expert as disclosed by the evidence based upon blood or genetic testing demonstrates that the established father is not the biological father of the child.
g. The court finds that it is in the best interest of the child to overcome the establishment of paternity. In determining the best interest of the child, the court shall consider all of the following:
(1) The age of the child.
(2) The length of time since the establishment of paternity.
(3) The previous relationship between the child and the established father, including but not limited to the duration and frequency of any time periods during which the child and established father resided in the same household or engaged in a parent-child relationship as defined in section 600A.2.
(4) The possibility that the child could benefit by establishing the child's actual paternity.
(5) Additional factors which the court determines are relevant to the individual situation.
4. If the court finds that the establishment of paternity is overcome, in accordance with all of the conditions prescribed, the established father is relieved of all future support obligations owed on behalf of the child.
a. The effective date of termination of any future support obligation is the date on which an order determining that the established father is not the biological father is filed with the court.
b. Any periodic support payment, due prior to the date the order determining that the established father is not the biological father is filed, is unaffected by this action and remains a judgment subject to enforcement.
5. An action brought under this section shall be heard and decided by the court, and shall not be subject to a jury trial.
6. If the court determines that test results conducted in accordance with section 600B.41 or chapter 252F exclude the established father as the biological father, but the court dismisses the action to overcome paternity, the court may enter an order relieving the established father of any or all future support obligations owed on behalf of the child, while preserving the paternity determination. The court's determination and the effective date of the determination shall be in accordance with subsection 4, paragraphs "a" and "b", and shall be made based upon the unique circumstances of each case and the interests of all parties.
7. The costs of testing, the fee of the guardian ad litem, and all court costs shall be paid by the person bringing the action to overcome paternity.
8. This section shall not be construed as a basis for termination of an adoption decree or for discharging the obligation of an adoptive father to an adoptive child pursuant to section 600B.5.
9. Unless specifically addressed in an order entered pursuant to this section, provisions previously established by the court order regarding custody or visitation of the child are unaffected by an action brought under this section.
10. Participation of the child support recovery unit created in section 252B.2 in an action brought under this section shall be limited as follows:
a. The unit shall only participate in actions if services are being provided by the unit pursuant to chapter 252B.
b. When services are being provided by the unit under chapter 252B, the unit may enter an administrative order for blood and genetic tests pursuant to chapter 252F.
c. The unit is not responsible for or required to provide for or assist in obtaining blood or genetic tests in any case in which services are not being provided by the unit.
d. The unit is not responsible for the costs of blood or genetic testing conducted pursuant to an action brought under this section.
e. Pursuant to section 252B.7, subsection 4, an attorney employed by the unit represents the state in any action under this section. The unit's attorney is not the legal representative of the mother, the established father, or the child in any action brought under this section.
94 Acts, ch 1171, §48
Referred to in § 252A.6A, 252C.4, 598.21, 600B.41
Applicability of section; see 94 Acts, ch 1171, §52
Iowa General Assembly
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