Text: HSB00190 Text: HSB00192 Text: HSB00100 - HSB00199 Text: HSB Index Bills and Amendments: General Index Bill History: General Index
PAG LIN 1 1 Section 1. NEW SECTION. 455H.1 TITLE. 1 2 This chapter shall be known and cited as the "Environmental 1 3 Audit Privilege and Immunity Act". 1 4 Sec. 2. NEW SECTION. 455H.2 FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS. 1 5 The general assembly finds and declares that protection of 1 6 the environment is enhanced by the public's voluntary 1 7 compliance with environmental laws and that the public will 1 8 benefit from incentives to voluntarily identify and remedy 1 9 environmental compliance issues. It is further declared that 1 10 limited expansion of the protection against disclosure and 1 11 prosecution will encourage voluntary compliance and improve 1 12 environmental quality. The provisions of this chapter will 1 13 not inhibit the exercise of regulatory authority by those 1 14 persons entrusted with protecting the environment. Therefore, 1 15 an environmental audit privilege is provided to protect the 1 16 confidentiality of communication relating to voluntary 1 17 environmental audits and limited immunity is provided to 1 18 improve compliance with environmental laws. 1 19 Sec. 3. NEW SECTION. 455H.3 DEFINITIONS. 1 20 As used in this chapter: 1 21 1. "Department" means the department of natural resources. 1 22 2. "Environmental audit" means a voluntary, internal 1 23 evaluation of one or more facilities, processes, or activities 1 24 regulated under local, state, or federal environmental laws or 1 25 of a management system related to the facility, process, or 1 26 activity, that is designed to identify and prevent 1 27 noncompliance and improve compliance with local, state, or 1 28 federal environmental laws. An environmental audit may be 1 29 conducted by the owner or operator, by an employee of the 1 30 owner or operator, by an officer or director of the facility 1 31 or operation, by an independent contractor hired by the owner 1 32 or operator, or by the owner's or operator's attorney. 1 33 An environmental audit includes the environmental audit 1 34 report which is a set of documents containing information 1 35 generated and collected in the course of conducting an 2 1 environmental audit. The report includes, but is not limited 2 2 to, the report document itself, any supporting documents, file 2 3 notes and records of observations, samples, analytical 2 4 results, exhibits, findings, opinions, suggestions, 2 5 recommendations, conclusions, drafts, memoranda, drawings, 2 6 photographs, computer-generated or electronically recorded 2 7 information, maps, charts, graphs and surveys, implementation 2 8 plans, interviews, discussions, correspondence, and 2 9 communications related to the environmental audit, if the 2 10 information is collected and developed for the primary purpose 2 11 of conducting the environmental audit. An environmental audit 2 12 report may have any or all of the following components: 2 13 a. A report prepared by the auditor, which may include the 2 14 scope of the environmental audit, the information gained in 2 15 the environmental audit, conclusions, and recommendations, 2 16 together with exhibits and appendices. 2 17 b. Memoranda and documents analyzing portions or all of 2 18 the report and discussing implementation issues. 2 19 c. An implementation plan that addresses correcting past 2 20 noncompliance, improving current compliance, or preventing 2 21 future noncompliance. 2 22 d. Periodic updates documenting progress in completing the 2 23 implementation plan. 2 24 3. "Owner" or "operator" means the person or entity who 2 25 prepared or caused the environmental audit to be undertaken. 2 26 "Owner or operator" does not include a prospective purchaser 2 27 who caused the environmental audit to be undertaken. 2 28 Sec. 4. NEW SECTION. 455H.4 PRIVILEGE. 2 29 1. An environmental audit shall be privileged and shall 2 30 not be discoverable or admissible as evidence in any legal 2 31 action in any civil, criminal, or administrative proceeding, 2 32 or in response to a regulatory inspection or inquiry, except 2 33 as otherwise provided in this chapter. 2 34 2. A person who voluntarily conducts an environmental 2 35 audit, an officer or employee of the person conducting the 3 1 environmental audit, or an independent contractor hired by the 3 2 person to conduct the environmental audit shall not be 3 3 questioned or examined as to the environmental audit without 3 4 the consent of the person, or unless ordered to do so by a 3 5 court of record. This subsection does not apply if the 3 6 environmental audit is subject to an exception under section 3 7 455H.7. 3 8 3. The privilege exists as a rebuttable presumption. A 3 9 party seeking disclosure of privileged material has the burden 3 10 to overcome the rebuttable presumption. 3 11 4. Failure to comply with review, disclosure, or use 3 12 prohibitions in this chapter shall be the basis for 3 13 suppression of any evidence arising or derived from the 3 14 unauthorized review, disclosure, or use. The party failing to 3 15 comply with this chapter shall have the burden of proving that 3 16 the proffered evidence did not arise and was not derived from 3 17 the unauthorized activity. 3 18 Sec. 5. NEW SECTION. 455H.5 WAIVER OF PRIVILEGE &endash; 3 19 DISCLOSURE &endash; ORDER. 3 20 1. The owner or operator may waive the privilege under 3 21 section 455H.4. The privilege cannot be waived except by or 3 22 with the consent of the owner or operator. 3 23 2. The environmental audit may be disclosed under any of 3 24 the following circumstances without waiving the privilege 3 25 under section 455H.4: 3 26 a. Results of an environmental audit or information 3 27 generated by the environmental audit may be disclosed to any 3 28 person employed by the environmental owner or operator of the 3 29 audited facility or operation, any legal representative of the 3 30 owner or operator, or any independent contractor retained by 3 31 the owner or operator to address an issue or issues raised by 3 32 the environmental audit. 3 33 b. Under the terms of a confidentiality agreement between 3 34 the owner or operator of the facility or operation audited and 3 35 a potential purchaser of the operation or facility audited. 4 1 c. Under the terms of a confidentiality agreement between 4 2 governmental officials and the owner or operator of the 4 3 facility or operation audited. 4 4 d. To a lender. 4 5 e. To the United States environmental protection agency 4 6 upon the demand of the agency. 4 7 3. The existence of an environmental audit is subject to 4 8 disclosure in a civil, criminal, or administrative proceeding. 4 9 The party in possession of the environmental audit may assert 4 10 the privilege. The party in possession shall not be required 4 11 to provide the inquiring party with a copy of the 4 12 environmental audit. 4 13 4. The inquiring party may file, with the appropriate 4 14 court, a petition requesting an in camera review on whether 4 15 the environmental audit or portions of the environmental audit 4 16 are privileged or subject to disclosure under this chapter. 4 17 The inquiring party's failure to file a petition under this 4 18 subsection shall waive the party's argument that the 4 19 environmental audit is not privileged. 4 20 5. The court shall issue an order scheduling an in camera 4 21 review, within forty-five days of the filing of the petition. 4 22 6. After the in camera review, the court shall issue an 4 23 order directing whether the information in the environmental 4 24 audit is subject to disclosure. 4 25 a. The order may require disclosure of material for which 4 26 the privilege is asserted, if the court determines that the 4 27 privilege is asserted for a fraudulent purpose, the material 4 28 is not subject to the privilege, or the material, even if 4 29 subject to the privilege, shows evidence of noncompliance with 4 30 local, state, or federal environmental laws and appropriate 4 31 efforts to achieve compliance with local, state, or federal 4 32 environmental laws were not initiated and pursued with 4 33 reasonable diligence upon discovery of noncompliance. The 4 34 court may compel disclosure of only those portions of a report 4 35 relevant to the issue in dispute. 5 1 b. The order may restrict the distribution and review of 5 2 the environmental audit or parts of the environmental audit to 5 3 protect against unnecessary disclosure. 5 4 7. The parties may at any time stipulate to entry of an 5 5 order directing that specific information contained in an 5 6 environmental audit is or is not subject to the privilege 5 7 under section 455H.4. 5 8 Sec. 6. NEW SECTION. 455H.6 VIOLATION. 5 9 If a person, party, public entity, public employee, or 5 10 public official divulges or disseminates all or any part of 5 11 the information contained in an environmental audit in 5 12 violation of this chapter or of an order issued by a court 5 13 under section 455H.5, the person, party, public entity, public 5 14 employee, or public official is liable for any damages caused 5 15 by the divulgence or dissemination of the information and 5 16 incurred by the person for whom the environmental audit was 5 17 prepared. A violation of this chapter shall also result in a 5 18 civil penalty not to exceed ten thousand dollars payable to 5 19 the aggrieved party. 5 20 A person who violates this section shall be guilty of a 5 21 simple misdemeanor and may be found in contempt of a court by 5 22 a court of record. 5 23 If the environmental audit otherwise meets the requirements 5 24 of this chapter, a disclosure or dissemination in violation of 5 25 this chapter or of an order issued by a court under section 5 26 455H.5 shall not abrogate the privilege under section 455H.4. 5 27 This section shall not affect provisions providing 5 28 employees protection under the following federal provisions, 5 29 42 U.S.C. } 5851, 42 U.S.C. } 300j-9(i), 42 U.S.C. } 9610, 33 5 30 U.S.C. } 1367, 15 U.S.C. } 2622, 42 U.S.C. } 6971, and 42 5 31 U.S.C. } 7622, which provide protection against discriminatory 5 32 actions taken by employers against employees who report 5 33 environmental noncompliance. 5 34 Sec. 7. NEW SECTION. 455H.7 EXCEPTIONS. 5 35 The privilege under section 455H.4 shall not extend to any 6 1 of the following: 6 2 1. Documents, communications, data, reports, or other 6 3 information required to be collected, developed, maintained, 6 4 reported, or otherwise made available to a regulatory agency 6 5 pursuant to local, state, or federal environmental laws or 6 6 regulations. However, the privilege shall extend to any 6 7 observations, findings, opinions, suggestions, or conclusions 6 8 derived from the above by the person conducting the 6 9 environmental audit. 6 10 2. Information obtained by observation, sampling, or 6 11 monitoring by any regulatory agency. 6 12 3. Information obtained from a source independent of the 6 13 environmental audit. 6 14 Sec. 8. NEW SECTION. 455H.8 VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE. 6 15 1. A person who makes a voluntary disclosure of an 6 16 environmental violation to the department is immune from any 6 17 administrative or civil penalty associated with the issues 6 18 disclosed and is immune from any criminal penalties for 6 19 negligent acts associated with the issues disclosed. The 6 20 person shall provide information supporting the claim that the 6 21 disclosure is voluntary at the time that the disclosure is 6 22 made to the department. The person creates a rebuttable 6 23 presumption that the disclosure is voluntary. To rebut the 6 24 presumption that a disclosure is voluntary, the department or 6 25 other party has the burden of proving that the disclosure was 6 26 not voluntary. 6 27 2. The disclosure of information is voluntary if both of 6 28 the following circumstances apply: 6 29 a. The disclosure arises out of an environmental audit. 6 30 b. The person making the disclosure uses reasonable 6 31 efforts to pursue compliance and corrects the noncompliance 6 32 within a reasonable period of time after completion of the 6 33 environmental audit. Where the evidence shows the 6 34 noncompliance is the failure to obtain a permit, reasonable 6 35 effort may be demonstrated by the submittal of a complete 7 1 permit application within a reasonable time. Disclosure of 7 2 information required to be reported by local, state, or 7 3 federal law is considered to be voluntary disclosure and the 7 4 immunity provisions in this section are applicable. 7 5 3. If a person is required to make a disclosure relating 7 6 to a specific issue under a specific permit condition or under 7 7 an order issued by the department, the disclosure is not 7 8 voluntary with respect to that issue. 7 9 4. Except as provided in this section, this section does 7 10 not affect the authority of the department to require any 7 11 action associated with the information disclosed in any 7 12 voluntary disclosure of an environmental violation. 7 13 5. Upon application to the department, the time period 7 14 within which a noncompliance item is corrected under 7 15 subsection 2 may be extended if it is not practical to correct 7 16 the noncompliance within a two-year period. The grant of an 7 17 extension by the department shall not be unreasonably 7 18 withheld. If the department denies an extension, the 7 19 department shall provide the requesting party with a written 7 20 explanation of the reasons for the denial. A request for de 7 21 novo review of the department's decision may be made to the 7 22 appropriate court. 7 23 Sec. 9. NEW SECTION. 455H.9 ABROGATION OF OTHER 7 24 PRIVILEGES. 7 25 This chapter shall not limit, waive, or abrogate the scope 7 26 or nature of any statutory or common law privilege, including 7 27 the work product doctrine, the attorney client privilege, and 7 28 the self-critical analysis privilege. 7 29 EXPLANATION 7 30 This bill creates the "Environmental Audit Privilege Act", 7 31 which protects disclosure of environmental audits and provides 7 32 immunity from penalties for actions which voluntarily disclose 7 33 the existence of an environmental violation. The bill finds 7 34 that the protection of the environment is enhanced by the 7 35 public's voluntary compliance with environmental laws and the 8 1 benefit to the public from incentives to voluntarily identify 8 2 and remedy environmental compliance issues. 8 3 The bill provides that an environmental audit is privileged 8 4 and not discoverable as evidence in any legal action. 8 5 Environmental audit is defined as a voluntary internal 8 6 evaluation designed to identify and prevent noncompliance with 8 7 local, state, or federal environmental laws and includes the 8 8 environmental audit report which contains documents and 8 9 information generated and collected in the course of 8 10 conducting an environmental audit. The audit privilege exists 8 11 as a rebuttable presumption. Failure to comply with the 8 12 review, disclosure, and use of prohibitions in the bill is 8 13 considered the basis for suppression of any evidence arising 8 14 from or derived from the unauthorized review, disclosure, or 8 15 use of information. 8 16 The bill provides that the owner or operator may waive the 8 17 environmental audit privilege. It provides for disclosure of 8 18 the audit in limited circumstances without waiving the 8 19 privilege. A person who wishes to obtain audit information 8 20 may file a petition for in camera review. The court is 8 21 required to schedule an in camera review within 45 days. The 8 22 court will issue an order directing whether the audit or 8 23 portions of the audit is subject to disclosure. 8 24 The bill provides that any person or any party, public 8 25 entity, employee, or official who divulges or disseminates 8 26 information in violation of an order is liable for damages, 8 27 subject to a civil penalty of up to $10,000, is guilty of a 8 28 simple misdemeanor, and may be found in contempt of court. 8 29 The bill does not change employees' rights to disclose 8 30 violations without violating the chapter under federal 8 31 "whistleblower" provisions. 8 32 The bill allows for limited immunity for a voluntary 8 33 disclosure of an environmental violation by a person to the 8 34 department of natural resources. A person who voluntarily 8 35 discloses a violation is immune from administrative and civil 9 1 penalties and criminal penalties for negligence that are 9 2 associated with the issues disclosed. 9 3 Voluntary disclosure is limited to disclosure arising out 9 4 of an audit and the person makes reasonable efforts to pursue 9 5 compliance and correct the noncompliance within a reasonable 9 6 period of time after completion of the audit. A disclosure 9 7 which is required under a specific permit condition or under 9 8 an order issued by the department of natural resources is not 9 9 considered to be voluntary. The bill allows for the 9 10 department to issue a compliance extension. The bill does not 9 11 limit, waive, or abrogate any common-law privilege, including 9 12 the work product doctrine, attorney-client privilege, and the 9 13 self-critical analysis privilege. 9 14 LSB 1968HC 76 9 15 js/jj/8
Text: HSB00190 Text: HSB00192 Text: HSB00100 - HSB00199 Text: HSB Index Bills and Amendments: General Index Bill History: General Index
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