562BMANUFACTURED HOME COMMUNITIES OR MOBILE HOME PARKS RESIDENTIAL LANDLORD AND TENANT LAWIGENERAL PROVISIONS562B.1Short title.This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Manufactured Home Communities or Mobile Home Parks Residential Landlord and Tenant Act”.[C79, 81, §562B.1]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16562B.2Purposes.Underlying purposes and policies of this chapter are:1To simplify, clarify and establish the law governing the rental of manufactured or mobile home spaces and rights and obligations of landlord and tenant.2To encourage landlord and tenant to maintain and improve the quality of manufactured or mobile home living.[C79, 81, §562B.2]2001 Acts, ch 153, §15; 2001 Acts, ch 176, §80562B.3Supplementary principles of law applicable.Unless displaced by the provisions of this chapter, the principles of law and equity, including the law relating to capacity to contract, mutuality of obligations, principal and agent, real property, public health, safety and fire prevention, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy or other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions.[C79, 81, §562B.3]562B.4Administration of remedies — enforcement.1The remedies provided by this chapter shall be so administered that the aggrieved party may recover appropriate damages. The aggrieved party has a duty to mitigate damages.2Any right or obligation declared by this chapter is enforceable by action unless the provision declaring it specifies a different and limited effect.[C79, 81, §562B.4]562B.5Exclusions from application of chapter.The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to an occupancy in or operation of public housing as authorized, provided or conducted pursuant to chapter 403A, or pursuant to any federal law or regulation with which it might conflict.[C79, 81, §562B.5]562B.6Jurisdiction and service of process.1The appropriate district court of this state may exercise jurisdiction over a landlord or tenant with respect to conduct in this state governed by this chapter or with respect to any claim arising from a transaction subject to this chapter. An action under this chapter may be brought as a small claim pursuant to the provisions of chapter 631. In addition to any other method provided by rule or by statute, personal jurisdiction over a landlord or tenant may be acquired in a civil action or proceeding instituted in the appropriate district court by the service of process in the manner provided by this section.2If a landlord is not a resident of this state or is a corporation not authorized to do business in this state and engages in conduct in this state governed by this chapter, or engages in a transaction subject to this chapter, the landlord shall designate an agent upon whom service of process may be made in this state. The agent shall be a resident of this state or a corporation authorized to do business in this state. The designation shall be in writing and filed with the secretary of state. If no designation is made and filed or if process cannot be served in this state upon the designated agent, process may be served upon the secretary of state, but the plaintiff or petitioner shall forthwith mail a copy of this process and pleading by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the defendant or respondent at that person’s last reasonably ascertained address. If there is no last reasonably ascertainable address and if the defendant or respondent has not complied with section 562B.14, subsections 1 and 2, then service upon the secretary of state shall be sufficient service of process without the mailing of copies to the defendant or respondent. Service of process shall be deemed complete and the time shall begin to run for the purposes of this section at the time of service upon the secretary of state. The defendant shall appear and answer within thirty days after completion thereof in the manner and under the same penalty as if defendant had been personally served with the summons. An affidavit of compliance with this section shall be filed with the clerk of the district court on or before the return day of the process, or within any further time the court allows.[C79, 81, §562B.6]562B.7General definitions.Subject to additional definitions contained in subsequent sections of this chapter which apply to specific sections thereof, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this chapter:1“Building and housing codes” include any law, ordinance, or governmental regulation concerning fitness for habitation, or the construction, maintenance, operation, occupancy, use, or appearance of any manufactured home community or mobile home park, dwelling unit, or manufactured or mobile home space.2“Business” includes a corporation, government, governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, and any other legal or commercial entity which is a landlord, owner, manager, or constructive agent pursuant to section 562B.14.3“Dwelling unit” excludes real property used to accommodate a manufactured or mobile home.4“Landlord” means the owner, lessor, or sublessor of a manufactured home community or a mobile home park and it also means a manager of the manufactured home community or a mobile home park who fails to disclose as required by section 562B.14.5“Manufactured home community” means the same as land-leased community defined in sections 335.30A and 414.28A.6“Mobile home” means any vehicle without motive power used or so manufactured or constructed as to permit its being used as a conveyance upon the public streets and highways and so designed, constructed, or reconstructed as will permit the vehicle to be used as a place for human habitation by one or more persons; but shall also include any such vehicle with motive power not registered as a motor vehicle in Iowa. References in this chapter to “mobile home” include “manufactured homes” and “modular homes” as those terms are defined in section 435.1, if the manufactured homes or modular homes are located in a manufactured home community or a mobile home park.7“Mobile home park” shall mean any site, lot, field or tract of land upon which three or more mobile homes, manufactured homes, or modular homes or a combination of any of these homes are placed on developed spaces and operated as a for-profit enterprise with water, sewer or septic, and electrical services available.8“Mobile home space” means a parcel of land for rent which has been designed to accommodate a mobile home and provide the required sewer and utility connections.9“Owner” means one or more persons, jointly or severally, in whom is vested all or part of the legal title to property or all or part of the beneficial ownership and a right to present use and enjoyment of the manufactured home community or the mobile home park. The term includes a mortgagee in possession.10“Rent” means a payment to be made to the landlord under the rental agreement, including base rent, utilities, late fees, and other payments made by the tenant to the landlord under the rental agreement.11“Rental agreement” means agreements, written or those implied by law, and valid rules and regulations adopted under section 562B.19 embodying the terms and conditions concerning the use and occupancy of a mobile home space.12“Rental deposit” means a deposit of money to secure performance of a mobile home space rental agreement under this chapter other than a deposit which is exclusively in advance payment of rent.13“Tenant” means a person entitled under a rental agreement to occupy a mobile home space to the exclusion of others.[C79, 81, §562B.7]94 Acts, ch 1110, §23; 97 Acts, ch 121, §32; 2001 Acts, ch 153, §13; 2022 Acts, ch 1070, §3, 6, 7562B.8Unconscionability.1If the court, as a matter of law, finds that:aA rental agreement or any provision thereof was unconscionable when made, the court may refuse to enforce the agreement, enforce the remainder of the agreement without the unconscionable provision, or limit the application of any unconscionable provision to avoid an unconscionable result.bA settlement in which a party waives or agrees to forego a claim or right under this chapter or under a rental agreement was unconscionable at the time it was made, the court may refuse to enforce the settlement, enforce the remainder of the settlement without the unconscionable provision, or limit the application of any unconscionable provision to avoid any unconscionable result.2If unconscionability is put into issue by a party or by the court upon its own motion the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to the setting, purpose and effect of the rental agreement or settlement to aid the court in making the determination.[C79, 81, §562B.8]562B.9Notice.1Notices required under this chapter, except those notices identified in section 562B.27A, shall be served as follows:aA landlord shall serve notice on a tenant by one or more of the following methods:1Hand delivery to the tenant.2Delivery evidenced by an acknowledgment of delivery that is signed and dated by a resident of the dwelling unit who is at least eighteen years of age. Delivery under this subparagraph shall be deemed to provide notice to all tenants of the dwelling unit.3Personal service pursuant to rule of civil procedure 1.305, Iowa court rules, for the personal service of original notice.4Mailing by both regular mail and certified mail, as defined in section 618.15, to the address of the dwelling unit or to an address provided by the tenant for mailing.5Posting on the primary entrance door of the dwelling unit. A notice posted according to this subparagraph shall be posted within the applicable time period for serving notice and shall include the date the notice was posted.6A method of providing notice that results in the notice actually being received by the tenant.bA tenant shall serve notice on a landlord by one or more of the following methods:1Hand delivery to the landlord or the landlord’s agent designated under section 562B.14.2Delivery evidenced by an acknowledgment of delivery that is signed and dated by the landlord or the landlord’s agent designated under section 562B.14.3Personal service pursuant to rule of civil procedure 1.305, Iowa court rules, for the personal service of original notice.4Delivery to an employee or agent of the landlord at the landlord’s business office.5Mailing by both regular mail and certified mail, as defined in section 618.15, to the address of the landlord’s business office or to an address designated by the landlord for mailing.6A method of providing notice that results in the notice actually being received by the landlord.2Notice served by mail under this section is deemed completed four days after the notice is deposited in the mail and postmarked for delivery, whether or not the recipient signs a receipt for the notice.[C79, 81, §562B.9]96 Acts, ch 1203, §4, 5; 99 Acts, ch 155, §8, 14; 2001 Acts, ch 153, §14; 2010 Acts, ch 1017, §4, 11562B.9AComputation of time.The calculation of all time periods required under this chapter shall be made in accordance with section 4.1, subsection 34.99 Acts, ch 155, §9, 14562B.10Terms and conditions of rental agreement.1The landlord and tenant may include in a rental agreement terms and conditions not prohibited by this chapter or other rule of law, including rent, term of the agreement, and other provisions governing the rights and obligations of the parties.2The tenant shall pay as rent the amount stated in the rental agreement. In the absence of a rental agreement, the tenant shall pay as rent the fair rental value for the use and occupancy of the mobile home space.3Rent shall be payable without demand or notice at the time and place agreed upon by the parties. Unless otherwise agreed periodic rent is payable at the beginning of any term and thereafter in equal monthly installments. Rent shall be uniformly apportionable from day to day.4For rental agreements in which the rent does not exceed seven hundred dollars per month, a rental agreement shall not provide for a late fee that exceeds twelve dollars per day or a total amount of sixty dollars per month. For rental agreements in which the rent is greater than seven hundred dollars per month, a rental agreement shall not provide for a late fee that exceeds twenty dollars per day or a total amount of one hundred dollars per month.5Rental agreements shall be for a term of one year unless otherwise specified in the rental agreement. Rental agreements shall be canceled by at least ninety days’ written notice given by either party. A landlord shall not cancel a rental agreement solely for the purpose of making the tenant’s mobile home space available for another mobile home.6If a tenant should die, the surviving joint tenant or tenant in common in the mobile home shall continue as tenant with all rights, privileges and liabilities as the original tenant.7aIf a tenant who was sole owner of a mobile home dies during the term of a rental agreement then that person’s heirs at law or the personal representative of the decedent’s estate, or the landlord shall have the right to cancel the tenant’s lease by giving sixty days’ written notice to the person’s heirs at law or the personal representative of the decedent’s estate, or to the landlord, whichever is appropriate, and the heirs at law or the personal representative of the decedent’s estate, shall have the same rights, privileges, and liabilities of the original tenant, provided that such heirs at law and personal representative of the estate shall not have the right to occupy or otherwise use the home or mobile home space as a tenant unless approved by the landlord as a tenant. In the event the landlord, after such a written notice is given and the tenant’s lease is canceled, brings an action for forcible entry and detainer or action for abandonment, the estate of the tenant and the person’s located heirs at law or personal representative shall be named as defendants in the action. The landlord may serve notice upon such defendants pursuant to the method set forth in section 562B.27A, subsection 1, paragraph “c”, or by mailing notice by both regular mail and certified mail, as defined in section 618.15, to the defendant’s last known address.b1If a tenant who was sole owner of a mobile home dies during the term of a rental agreement resulting in the mobile home being abandoned as provided in section 562B.27, subsection 1, and the landlord cannot, despite due diligence, locate such a tenant’s heirs at law or personal representative, then the landlord may bring an action for abandonment as provided in section 555B.3, naming as defendants the estate of the tenant and all unknown heirs at law of the tenant, and, upon the landlord’s filing of an affidavit that personal service cannot be had on any heirs at law, personal representative, or estate of the tenant, the court shall permit original notice of such action to be served by publication pursuant to subparagraph (2).2Publication of original notice shall be made once each week for three consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation published in the county where the petition is filed, pursuant to the Iowa rules of civil procedure. Service is complete after the third consecutive weekly publication.3In the event any tax lien or other liens exist on the mobile home, the landlord may proceed with an action for abandonment as provided in section 555B.3, except that the notice shall be provided to the county treasurer as provided in section 555B.4, subsection 3, if a tax lien exists, and personal service pursuant to the Iowa rules of civil procedure shall be made upon any lienholder no less than twenty days before the hearing. Any notice to a lienholder shall state that failure to assert a claim to the mobile home is deemed a waiver of all rights, title, claims, and interest in the mobile home and is deemed consent to the sale or disposal of the mobile home. If personal service upon the lienholder cannot be completed in time to give the lienholder the minimum notice required by this subsection, the court may set a new hearing date.8Improvements, except a natural lawn, purchased and installed by a tenant on a mobile home space shall remain the property of the tenant even though affixed to or in the ground and may be removed or disposed of by the tenant prior to the termination of the tenancy, provided that a tenant shall leave the mobile home space in substantially the same or better condition than upon taking possession.[C79, 81, §562B.10]2013 Acts, ch 97, §10; 2022 Acts, ch 1070, §4, 6, 7, 25; 2023 Acts, ch 64, §95562B.11Prohibited provisions in rental agreements.1A rental agreement shall not provide that the tenant or landlord does any of the following:aAgrees to waive or to forego rights or remedies under this chapter.bAgrees to pay the other party’s attorney fees.cAgrees to the exculpation or limitation of any liability of the other party arising under law or to indemnify the other party for that liability or the costs connected therewith.dAgrees to a designated agent for the sale of tenant’s mobile home.eAgrees to modify the mobile home, manufactured home, or modular home in a way that would substantially impair the ability of the tenant to move the home from the mobile home space, unless such modification is required by federal law, including but not limited to the model manufactured home installation standards, 24 C.F.R. pt. 3285, the manufactured home construction and safety standards, 24 C.F.R. pt. 3280, or the manufactured home procedural and enforcement regulations, 24 C.F.R. pt. 3282, or by state or local law, the manufacturer’s installation instructions, any requirement arising from the landlord’s financing of the home or of the mobile home park or manufactured home community in which the home is located, or unless such modification is otherwise necessary for the safe and proper installation of the home.2If the landlord receives rental assistance payments under a rental assistance agreement administered by the United States department of agriculture under the multifamily housing rental assistance program under Tit. V of the federal Housing Act of 1949, Pub. L. No. 81-171, or receives housing assistance payments under a housing assistance payment contract administered by the United States department of housing and urban development under the housing choice voucher program, the new construction program, the substantial rehabilitation program, or the moderate rehabilitation program under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937, Pub. L. No. 75-412, a rental agreement shall not contain a provision or impose a rule that requires a person to agree, as a condition of tenancy, to a prohibition or restriction on the lawful ownership, use, or possession of a firearm, a firearm component, or ammunition within the tenant’s specific rental unit. A landlord may impose reasonable restrictions related to the possession, use, or transportation of a firearm, a firearm component, or ammunition within common areas as long as those restrictions do not circumvent the purpose of this subsection. A tenant shall exercise reasonable care in the storage of a firearm, a firearm component, or ammunition. This subsection does not apply to any prohibition or restriction that is required by federal or state law, rule, or regulation.3A provision prohibited by this section included in a rental agreement is unenforceable. If a landlord or tenant knowingly uses a rental agreement containing provisions known to be prohibited by this chapter, the other party may recover actual damages sustained.4Nothing in this chapter shall prohibit a rental agreement from requiring a tenant to maintain liability insurance which names the landlord as an insured as relates to the mobile home space rented by the tenant.[C79, 81, §562B.11]2013 Acts, ch 30, §179; 2021 Acts, ch 35, §25, 26; 2022 Acts, ch 1070, §12562B.12Separation of rents and obligations to maintain property forbidden.A rental agreement, assignment, conveyance, trust deed or security instrument shall not permit the receipt of rent, unless the landlord has agreed to comply with section 562B.16, subsection 1.[C79, 81, §562B.12]IILANDLORD OBLIGATIONS562B.13Rental deposits.1A landlord shall not demand or receive as a security deposit an amount or value in excess of two months’ rent.2All rental deposits shall be held by the landlord for the tenant, who is a party to the agreement, in a bank, credit union, or savings and loan association which is insured by an agency of the federal government. Rental deposits shall not be commingled with the personal funds of the landlord. All rental deposits may be held in a trust account, which may be a common trust account and which may be an interest-bearing account. Any interest earned on a rental deposit shall be the property of the landlord.3A landlord shall, within thirty days from the date of termination of the tenancy and receipt of the tenant’s mailing address or delivery instructions, return the rental deposit to the tenant or furnish to the tenant a written statement showing the specific reason for withholding of the rental deposit or any portion thereof. If the rental deposit or any portion of the rental deposit is withheld for the restoration of the manufactured or mobile home space, the statement shall specify the nature of the damages. The landlord may withhold from the rental deposit only such amounts as are reasonably necessary for the following reasons:aTo remedy a tenant’s default in the payment of rent or of other funds due to the landlord pursuant to the rental agreement.bTo restore the manufactured or mobile home space to its condition at the commencement of the tenancy, ordinary wear and tear excepted.cTo remove, store, and dispose of a manufactured or mobile home if it is abandoned as defined in section 562B.27.4In an action concerning the rental deposit, the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, the reason for withholding all or any portion of the rental deposit shall be on the landlord.5A landlord who fails to provide a written statement within thirty days of termination of the tenancy and receipt of the tenant’s mailing address or delivery instructions shall forfeit all rights to withhold any portion of the rental deposit. If no mailing address or instructions are provided to the landlord within one year from the termination of the tenancy the rental deposit shall revert to the landlord and the tenant will be deemed to have forfeited all rights to the rental deposit.6aUpon termination of a landlord’s interest in the manufactured home community or mobile home park, the landlord or the landlord’s agent shall, within a reasonable time, transfer the rental deposit, or any remainder after any lawful deductions to the landlord’s successor in interest and notify the tenant of the transfer and of the transferee’s name and address or return the deposit, or any remainder after any lawful deductions to the tenant.bUpon the termination of the landlord’s interest in the manufactured home community or mobile home park and compliance with the provisions of this subsection, the landlord shall be relieved of any further liability with respect to the rental deposit.7Upon termination of the landlord’s interest in the manufactured home community or mobile home park, the landlord’s successor in interest shall have all the rights and obligations of the landlord with respect to the rental deposits, except that if the tenant does not object to the stated amount within twenty days after written notice to the tenant of the amount of rental deposit being transferred or assumed, the obligations of the landlord’s successor to return the deposit shall be limited to the amount contained in the notice. The notice shall contain a stamped envelope addressed to the landlord’s successor.8The bad faith retention of a deposit by a landlord, or any portion of the rental deposit, in violation of this section shall subject the landlord to punitive damages not to exceed two hundred dollars in addition to actual damages.[C79, 81, §562B.13]88 Acts, ch 1138, §15; 93 Acts, ch 154, §14; 2001 Acts, ch 153, §15, 16; 2001 Acts, ch 176, §80; 2010 Acts, ch 1017, §5, 11; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261562B.14Disclosure and tender of written rental agreement.1The landlord shall offer the tenant the opportunity to sign a written agreement for a mobile home space.2The landlord or any person authorized to enter into a rental agreement on the landlord’s behalf shall disclose to the tenant in writing at or before entering into the rental agreement the name and address of:aThe person authorized to manage the manufactured home community or mobile home park.bThe owner of the manufactured home community or mobile home park or a person authorized to act for and on behalf of the owner for the purpose of service of process and for the purpose of receiving and receipting for notices and demands.3The information required to be furnished by this section shall be kept current and refurnished to the tenant upon the tenant’s request. When there is a new owner or operator this section extends to and is enforceable against any successor landlord, owner or manager.4A person who fails to comply with subsections 1 and 2 becomes an agent of each person who is a landlord for the following purposes:aService of process and receiving and receipting for notices and demands.bPerforming the obligations of the landlord under this chapter and under the rental agreement and expending or making available for the purpose all rent collected from the manufactured home community or mobile home park.5If there is a written rental agreement, the landlord must tender and deliver a signed copy of the rental agreement to the tenant and the tenant must sign and deliver to the landlord one fully executed copy of such rental agreement within ten days after the agreement is executed. Noncompliance with this subsection shall be deemed a material noncompliance by the landlord or the tenant, as the case may be, of the rental agreement.6aThe landlord or any person authorized to enter into a rental agreement on the landlord’s behalf shall provide a written explanation of utility rates, charges, and services to the prospective tenant before the rental agreement is signed unless the utility charges are paid by the tenant directly to the utility company.bTenants shall be notified of any increase in utility rates or charges in the manner set forth in subsection 7 for rent increases, unless the landlord does not receive at least ninety days’ prior notice of such increase from the utility provider, in which case no prior notice of the increase from the landlord to the tenant is required for the increase to be effective.cNothing in this chapter shall authorize a landlord to meter a premises contrary to applicable law, rule, or tariff, or assess a utility charge to the tenant contrary to applicable law, rule, or tariff.7Each tenant shall be notified, in writing, of any rent increase at least ninety days before the effective date. Such effective date shall not be sooner than the expiration date of the original rental agreement or any renewal or extension thereof.[C79, 81, §562B.14]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16; 2022 Acts, ch 1070, §5 – 8562B.15Landlord to deliver possession of mobile home space.At the commencement of the term the landlord shall deliver possession of the mobile home space to the tenant in compliance with the rental agreement and section 562B.16. The landlord may bring an action for possession against a person wrongfully in possession and may recover the damages provided in section 562B.30, subsection 2.[C79, 81, §562B.15]88 Acts, ch 1158, §94; 2001 Acts, ch 153, §16; 2002 Acts, ch 1050, §60, 65562B.16Landlord to maintain fit premises.1The landlord shall:aComply with the requirements of all applicable city, county and state codes materially affecting health and safety which are primarily imposed upon the landlord.bMake all repairs and do whatever is necessary to put and keep the mobile home space in a fit and habitable condition.cKeep all common areas of the manufactured home community or mobile home park in a clean and safe condition.dMaintain in good and safe working order and condition all facilities supplied or required to be supplied by the landlord.eProvide for removal of garbage, rubbish, and other waste from the manufactured home community or mobile home park.fFurnish outlets for electric, water and sewer services.2A landlord shall not impose any conditions of rental or occupancy which restrict the tenant in the choice of a seller of fuel, furnishings, goods, services or mobile homes connected with the rental or occupancy of a mobile home space unless such condition is necessary to protect the health, safety, aesthetic value or welfare of mobile home tenants in the manufactured home community or park. The landlord may impose reasonable requirements designed to standardize methods of utility connection and hookup. If any such conditions are imposed which result in charges for such goods or services, the charges shall not exceed the actual cost incurred in providing the tenant with such goods or services.[C79, 81, §562B.16]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16562B.16ASale of manufactured home community or mobile home park notices.Upon termination of the landlord’s interest in the manufactured home community or mobile home park, the landlord’s successor in interest shall have the same legal obligations, rights, and remedies of the landlord, including with respect to all rental agreements.2022 Acts, ch 1070, §15, 16562B.17Limitation of liability.1A landlord who conveys a manufactured home community or mobile home park in a good faith sale to a bona fide purchaser is relieved of liability under the rental agreement and this chapter as to events occurring subsequent to written notice to the tenant of the conveyance.2A manager of a manufactured home community or mobile home park is relieved of liability under the rental agreement and this chapter as to events occurring after written notice to the tenant of the termination of the person’s management, except such notice shall not terminate any agreement or legal liability arising prior to the notice.3Except in cases of willful, reckless, or gross negligence, a landlord is not liable in a civil action for personal injury, death, property damage, or other damages resulting from or arising out of an occurrence involving a firearm, a firearm component, or ammunition that the landlord is required to allow on the property under section 562B.11.[C79, 81, §562B.17]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16; 2021 Acts, ch 35, §27562B.17ASale of mobile home by landlord.1Any sale of a mobile home located in a manufactured home community or mobile home park by a landlord or landlord’s agent shall be by written agreement and the landlord shall, upon the buyer’s fulfillment of all payment and other terms under the agreement, produce and assign the current certificate of title obtained from the department of transportation. The agreement shall state the basic terms of sale, including the total cost of the mobile home, and, in the case of an installment contract, finance charges, annual percentage rate, and the frequency and amount of each installment payment.2If such sale does not comply with this section, the court may award monetary or equitable relief, including voiding the sale, and the buyer may recover damages incurred, amounts paid as a rental deposit in excess of two months’ rent, and reasonable attorney fees.3A claim under subsection 2 may be combined with an action under chapter 648.2022 Acts, ch 1070, §13IIITENANT OBLIGATIONS562B.18Tenant to maintain mobile home space — notice of vacating.A tenant shall maintain the mobile home space in as good a condition as when the tenant took possession and shall:1Comply with all obligations primarily imposed upon tenants by applicable provisions of city, county and state codes materially affecting health and safety.2Keep that part of the manufactured home community or mobile home park that the tenant occupies and uses reasonably clean and safe.3Dispose from the tenant’s mobile home space all rubbish, garbage and other waste in a clean and safe manner.4Not deliberately or negligently destroy, deface, damage, impair or remove any part of the manufactured home community or mobile home park or knowingly permit any person to do so.5Act and require other persons in the manufactured home community or mobile home park with the tenant’s consent to act in a manner that will not disturb the tenant’s neighbors’ peaceful enjoyment of the manufactured home community or mobile home park.6Maintain in good and safe working order all utility lines, pipes, and cables extending from the mobile home to outlets provided by the landlord for electric, water, sewer, and other services. This subsection shall not apply to a tenant who does not own the mobile home.[C79, 81, §562B.18]85 Acts, ch 67, §51; 99 Acts, ch 155, §10, 14; 2001 Acts, ch 153, §16562B.19Rules and regulations.1A landlord may adopt rules or regulations, however described, concerning the tenant’s use and occupancy of the manufactured home community or mobile home park. Such rules or regulations are enforceable against the tenant only if they are written and if:aTheir purpose is to promote the convenience, safety or welfare of the tenants in the manufactured home community or mobile home park, to preserve the landlord’s property from abuse, to make a fair distribution of services and facilities held out for the tenants generally, or to facilitate manufactured home community or mobile home park management.bThey are reasonably related to the purpose for which adopted.cThey apply to all tenants in the manufactured home community or mobile home park in a fair manner.dThey are sufficiently explicit in prohibition, direction or limitation of the tenant’s conduct to fairly inform that person of what must or must not be done to comply.eThey are not for the purpose of evading the obligations of the landlord.fThe prospective tenant is given a copy of them before the rental agreement is entered into.2Notice of all such additions, changes, deletions or amendments shall be given to all mobile home tenants thirty days before they become effective. Any rule or condition of occupancy which is unfair and deceptive or which does not conform to the requirements of this chapter shall be unenforceable. A rule or regulation adopted after the tenant enters into the rental agreement is enforceable against the tenant only if it does not work a substantial modification of that person’s rental agreement.3A landlord shall not:aDeny rental unless the tenant or prospective tenant cannot conform to manufactured home community or park rules and regulations.bRequire any person as a precondition to renting, leasing or otherwise occupying or removing from a mobile home space in a manufactured home community or mobile home park to pay an entrance or exit fee of any kind unless for services actually rendered or pursuant to a written agreement.cDeny any resident of a manufactured home community or mobile home park the right to sell that person’s mobile home at a price of the person’s own choosing, but may reserve the right to approve the purchaser of such mobile home as a tenant but such permission may not be unreasonably withheld, provided however, that the landlord may, in the event of a sale to a third party, in order to upgrade the quality of the manufactured home community or mobile home park, require that any mobile home in a rundown condition or in disrepair be removed from the manufactured home community or park within sixty days. If the landlord does not approve the purchaser as a tenant, the landlord shall provide the purchaser with written notice of such denial and the general reason for the denial, but the landlord shall not be required to provide a specific reason for the denial.dExact a commission or fee with respect to the price realized by the tenant selling the tenant’s mobile home, unless the manufactured home community or park owner or operator has acted as agent for the mobile home owner pursuant to a written agreement.eRequire tenant to furnish permanent improvements which cannot be removed without damage thereto or to the mobile home space by tenant at expiration of the rental agreement.fProhibit meetings between tenants in the manufactured home community or mobile home park relating to mobile home living and affairs in the manufactured home community or park community or recreational hall if such meetings are held at reasonable hours and when the facility is not otherwise in use.[C79, 81, §562B.19]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16; 2022 Acts, ch 1070, §11562B.20Access.1A landlord shall not have the right of access to a mobile home owned by a tenant unless such access is necessary to prevent damage to the mobile home space or is in response to an emergency situation.2The landlord may enter onto the mobile home space in order to inspect the mobile home space, make necessary or agreed repairs or improvements, supply necessary or agreed services or exhibit the mobile home space to prospective or actual purchasers, mortgagees, tenants, workers or contractors.[C79, 81, §562B.20]562B.21Tenant to occupy as a dwelling unit — authority to sublet.The tenant shall occupy the tenant’s mobile home only as a dwelling unit and may rent the mobile home to another, only upon written agreement with the park management.[C79, 81, §562B.21]IVREMEDIES562B.22Noncompliance by the landlord.1Except as provided in this chapter, if there is a material noncompliance by the landlord with the rental agreement, the tenant may deliver a written notice to the landlord specifying the acts and omissions constituting the breach and that the rental agreement will terminate upon a date not less than thirty days after receipt of the notice if the breach is not remedied in fourteen days. If there is a noncompliance by the landlord with section 562B.16 materially affecting health and safety, the tenant may deliver a written notice to the landlord specifying the acts and omissions constituting the breach and that the rental agreement will terminate upon a date not less than thirty days after receipt of the notice if the breach is not remedied in fourteen days. The rental agreement shall terminate and the mobile home space shall be vacated as provided in the notice subject to the following:aIf the breach is remediable by repairs or the payment of damages or otherwise and the landlord adequately remedies the breach prior to the date specified in the notice, the rental agreement will not terminate.bThe tenant may not terminate for a condition caused by the deliberate or negligent act or omission of the tenant, a member of the tenant’s family or other person in the manufactured home community or mobile home park with the tenant’s consent.2Except as provided in this chapter, the tenant may recover damages, and obtain injunctive relief for any noncompliance by the landlord with the rental agreement or with section 562B.16.3The remedy provided in subsection 2 of this section is in addition to any right of the tenant arising under subsection 1 of this section.[C79, 81, §562B.22]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16562B.23Failure to deliver possession.1If the landlord fails to deliver physical possession of the mobile home space to the tenant as provided in section 562B.15, rent abates until possession is delivered and the tenant may do either of the following:aUpon written notice to the landlord, terminate the rental agreement and at that time the landlord shall return all deposits.bDemand performance of the rental agreement by the landlord and, if the tenant elects, maintain an action for possession of the mobile home space against the landlord and recover the damages sustained by the tenant plus reasonable attorney fees and court costs.2If the landlord delivers physical possession to the tenant but fails to comply with section 562B.16 at the time of delivery, rent shall not abate. The tenant may also proceed with the remedies provided for in section 562B.22.[C79, 81, §562B.23]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16; 2002 Acts, ch 1050, §60, 65562B.23AWrongful failure to supply running water or essential services.1If contrary to the rental agreement or section 562B.16 the landlord deliberately or negligently fails to supply running water or other essential services, the tenant may give written notice to the landlord specifying the breach and may do one of the following:aProcure reasonable amounts of water or other essential services during the period of the landlord’s noncompliance and deduct the actual and reasonable cost from the rent.bRecover damages based upon the diminution in the fair market value of the mobile home space.cRecover any rent already paid for the period of the landlord’s noncompliance which shall be reimbursed on a pro rata basis.2If the tenant proceeds under this section, the tenant may not proceed under section 562B.22 as to that breach.3The rights under this section do not arise until the tenant has given notice to the landlord or if the condition was caused by the deliberate or negligent act or omission of the tenant, a member of the tenant’s family, or other person on the premises with the consent of the tenant.2022 Acts, ch 1070, §9, 10562B.24Tenant’s remedies for landlord’s unlawful ouster, exclusion or diminution of services.If the landlord unlawfully removes or excludes the tenant from the manufactured home community or mobile home park or willfully diminishes services to the tenant by interrupting or causing the interruption of electric, gas, water or other essential service to the tenant, the tenant may recover possession, require the restoration of essential services or terminate the rental agreement and, in either case, recover an amount not to exceed two months’ periodic rent and twice the actual damages sustained by the tenant.[C79, 81, §562B.24]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16562B.25Noncompliance with rental agreement by tenant — failure to pay rent.1Except as provided in this chapter, if there is a material noncompliance by the tenant with the rental agreement, the landlord may deliver a written notice to the tenant specifying the acts and omissions constituting the breach and that the rental agreement will terminate upon a date not less than thirty days after receipt of the notice if the breach is not remedied in fourteen days. If there is a noncompliance by the tenant with section 562B.18 materially affecting health and safety, the landlord may deliver a written notice to the tenant specifying the acts and omissions constituting the breach and that the rental agreement will terminate upon a date not less than thirty days after receipt of the notice if the breach is not remedied in fourteen days. However, if the breach is remediable by repair or the payment of damages or otherwise, and the tenant adequately remedies the breach prior to the date specified in the notice, the rental agreement will not terminate. If substantially the same act or omission, which constituted a prior noncompliance of which notice was given, recurs within six months, the landlord may terminate the rental agreement upon at least fourteen days’ written notice specifying the breach and the date of termination of the rental agreement.2If rent is unpaid when due and the tenant fails to pay rent within three days after written notice by the landlord of nonpayment and of the landlord’s intention to terminate the rental agreement if the rent is not paid within that period of time, the landlord may terminate the rental agreement.3Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the landlord may recover damages, obtain injunctive relief, or recover possession of the mobile home space pursuant to an action in forcible entry and detainer under chapter 648 for any material noncompliance by the tenant with the rental agreement or with section 562B.18.4The remedy provided in subsection 3 of this section is in addition to any right of the landlord arising under subsection 1 of this section.[C79, 81, §562B.25]93 Acts, ch 154, §15; 2004 Acts, ch 1101, §82562B.25ATermination for creating a clear and present danger to others.1Notwithstanding section 562B.25 or 648.3, if a tenant has created or maintained a threat constituting a clear and present danger to the health or safety of other tenants, the landlord, the landlord’s employee or agent, or other persons on or within one thousand feet of the landlord’s property, the landlord, after the service of a single three days’ written notice of termination and notice to quit stating the specific activity causing the clear and present danger, and setting forth the language of subsection 3 which includes certain exemption provisions available to the tenant, may file suit against the tenant for recovery of possession of the premises pursuant to chapter 648, except as otherwise provided in subsection 3. The petition shall state the incident or incidents giving rise to the notice of termination and notice to quit. The tenant shall be given the opportunity to contest the termination in the court proceedings by notice thereof at least three days prior to the hearing.2A clear and present danger to the health or safety of other tenants, the landlord, the landlord’s employees or agents, or other persons on or within one thousand feet of the landlord’s property includes, but is not limited to, any of the following activities of the tenant or of any person on the premises with the consent of the tenant:aPhysical assault or the threat of physical assault.bIllegal use of a firearm or other weapon, the threat to use a firearm or other weapon illegally, or possession of an illegal firearm. The mere possession or storage of a firearm by a tenant in the tenant’s dwelling unit does not constitute a clear and present danger.cPossession of a controlled substance unless the controlled substance was obtained directly from or pursuant to a valid prescription or order by a licensed medical practitioner while acting in the course of the practitioner’s professional practice. This paragraph applies to any other person on the premises with the consent of the tenant, but only if the tenant knew of the possession by the other person of a controlled substance.3aThis section shall not apply to a tenant if the activities causing the clear and present danger, as defined in subsection 2, are conducted by a person on the premises other than the tenant and the tenant takes at least one of the following measures against the person conducting the activities:1The tenant seeks a protective order, restraining order, order to vacate the homestead, or other similar relief pursuant to chapter 235F, 236, 598, 664A, or 915, or any other applicable provision which would apply to the person conducting the activities causing the clear and present danger.2The tenant reports the activities causing the clear and present danger to a law enforcement agency or the county attorney in an effort to initiate a criminal action against the person conducting the activities.3The tenant writes a letter to the person conducting the activities causing the clear and present danger, telling the person not to return to the premises and that a return to the premises may result in a trespass or other action against the person, and the tenant sends a copy of the letter to a law enforcement agency whose jurisdiction includes the premises. If the tenant has previously written a letter to the person as provided in this subparagraph, without taking an action specified in subparagraph (1) or (2) or filing a trespass or other action, and the person to whom the letter was sent conducts further activities causing a clear and present danger, the tenant must take one of the actions specified in subparagraph (1) or (2) to be exempt from proceedings pursuant to subsection 1.bHowever, in order to fall within the exemptions provided within this subsection, the tenant must provide written proof to the landlord, prior to the commencement of a suit against the tenant, that the tenant has taken one of the measures specified in paragraph “a”, subparagraphs (1) through (3).92 Acts, ch 1211, §3; 95 Acts, ch 125, §11, 12; 98 Acts, ch 1090, §72, 84; 2004 Acts, ch 1016, §2; 2006 Acts, ch 1101, §3; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §180; 2014 Acts, ch 1107, §16; 2021 Acts, ch 35, §28562B.25BRight to summon emergency assistance waiver of rights.1aA landlord shall not prohibit or limit a resident’s or tenant’s rights to summon law enforcement assistance or other emergency assistance by or on behalf of a victim of abuse, a victim of a crime, or an individual in an emergency.bA landlord shall not impose monetary or other penalties on a resident or tenant who exercises the resident’s or tenant’s right to summon law enforcement assistance or other emergency assistance.cPenalties prohibited by this subsection include all of the following:1The actual or threatened assessment of penalties, fines, or fees.2The actual or threatened eviction, or causing the actual or threatened eviction, from the premises.dAny waiver of the provisions of this subsection is contrary to public policy and is void, unenforceable, and of no force or effect.eThis subsection shall not be construed to prohibit a landlord from recovering from a resident or tenant an amount equal to the costs incurred to repair property damage if the damage is caused by law enforcement or other emergency personnel summoned by the resident or tenant.fThis section does not prohibit a landlord from terminating, evicting, or refusing to renew a tenancy or rental agreement when such action is premised upon grounds other than the resident’s or tenant’s exercise of the right to summon law enforcement assistance or other emergency assistance by or on behalf of a victim of abuse, a victim of a crime, or an individual in an emergency.2aAn ordinance, rule, or regulation of a city, county, or other governmental entity shall not authorize imposition of a penalty against a resident, owner, tenant, or landlord because the resident, owner, tenant, or landlord was a victim of abuse or crime.bAn ordinance, rule, or regulation of a city, county, or other governmental entity shall not authorize imposition of a penalty against a resident, owner, tenant, or landlord because the resident, owner, tenant, or landlord sought law enforcement assistance or other emergency assistance for a victim of abuse, a victim of a crime, or an individual in an emergency, if either of the following is established:1The resident, owner, tenant, or landlord seeking assistance had a reasonable belief that the emergency assistance was necessary to prevent the perpetration or escalation of the abuse, crime, or emergency.2In the event of abuse, crime, or other emergency, the emergency assistance was actually needed.cPenalties prohibited by this subsection include all of the following:1The actual or threatened assessment of penalties, fines, or fees.2The actual or threatened eviction, or causing the actual or threatened eviction, from the premises.3The actual or threatened revocation, suspension, or nonrenewal of a rental certificate, license, or permit.dThis subsection does not prohibit a city, county, or other governmental entity from enforcing any ordinance, rule, or regulation premised upon grounds other than a request for law enforcement assistance or other emergency assistance by a resident, owner, tenant, or landlord, or the fact that the resident, owner, tenant, or landlord was a victim of crime or abuse.eThis subsection does not prohibit a city, county, or other governmental entity from collecting penalties, fines, or fees for services provided which are necessitated by the cleanup of hazardous materials, the cleanup of vandalism, or a response to a false alarm call, which are incurred by the provision of emergency medical services, or which reflect other costs incurred by the city, county, or other governmental entity unrelated to responding to a call for law enforcement assistance or other emergency assistance.3In addition to other remedies provided by law, if an owner or landlord violates the provisions of this section, a resident or tenant is entitled to recover from the owner or landlord any of the following:aA civil penalty in an amount equal to one month’s rent.bActual damages.cReasonable attorney fees the tenant or resident incurs in seeking enforcement of this section.dCourt costs.eInjunctive relief.4In addition to other remedies provided by law, if a city, county, or other governmental entity violates the provisions of this section, a resident, owner, tenant, or landlord is entitled to recover from the city, county, or other governmental entity any of the following:aAn order requiring the city, county, or other governmental entity to cease and desist the unlawful practice.bOther equitable relief, including reinstatement of a rental certificate, license, or permit, as the court may deem appropriate.cActual damages.dIn a case brought by a resident or tenant, the reasonable attorney fees the resident or tenant incurs in seeking enforcement of this section.eCourt costs.5For purposes of this section, “resident” means a member of a tenant’s family and any other person occupying the dwelling unit with the consent of the tenant.2016 Acts, ch 1120, §4562B.26Failure to maintain by tenant.If there is noncompliance by the tenant with section 562B.18 materially affecting health and safety that can be remedied by repair, replacement of a damaged item, or cleaning and the tenant fails to comply as promptly as conditions require in case of emergency or within fourteen days after written notice by the landlord specifying the breach and requesting that the tenant remedy it within that period of time, the landlord may enter the mobile home space, and cause the work to be done in a skillful manner. The landlord may submit an itemized bill for the actual and reasonable cost or the fair and reasonable value thereof as additional rent on the next date when periodic rent is due, or if the rental agreement was terminated, for immediate payment.[C79, 81, §562B.26]2023 Acts, ch 66, §143562B.27Remedies for abandonment — required registration.1A tenant is considered to have abandoned a mobile home when the tenant has been absent from the mobile home without reasonable explanation for thirty days or more during which time there is either a default of rent three days after rent is due, or the rental agreement is terminated pursuant to section 562B.25. A tenant’s return to the mobile home does not change its status as abandoned unless the tenant pays to the landlord all costs incurred for the mobile home space, including costs of removal, storage, notice, attorney fees, and all rent and utilities due and owing.2When a mobile home is abandoned on a mobile home space:aIf a tenant abandons a mobile home on a mobile home space, the landlord shall notify the mobile home owner or other claimant of the mobile home and communicate to that person that the person is liable for any costs incurred for the mobile home space, including rent and utilities due and owing. A claimant includes a holder of a lien as defined in section 555B.2. However, the person is only liable for costs incurred ninety days before the landlord’s communication. After the landlord’s communication, costs for which liability is incurred shall then become the responsibility of the mobile home owner or other claimant of the mobile home. The mobile home shall not be removed from the mobile home space without a signed written agreement from the landlord showing clearance for removal, and that all debts are paid in full, or an agreement reached with the mobile home owner or other claimant and the landlord.bIf there is no lien on the mobile home other than a lien for taxes, the landlord may follow the procedure in chapter 555B to dispose of the mobile home.cAn action pursuant to chapter 555B may be combined with an action for possession under chapter 648 or an action for damages under section 562B.30.3A required standardized registration form shall be filled out by each tenant upon the rental of a mobile home space, showing the mobile home make, year, serial number, and also showing if the mobile home is paid for, if there is a lien on the mobile home, and if so the lienholder, and the name of the legal owner of the mobile home. The registration forms shall be kept on file with the landlord as long as the mobile home is on the mobile home space within the mobile home park. The tenant shall give notice to the landlord within ten days of any new lien, change of existing lien, or settlement of lien.[C79, 81, §562B.27; 81 Acts, ch 183, §1]83 Acts, ch 102, §1; 88 Acts, ch 1138, §16; 93 Acts, ch 154, §16, 17; 99 Acts, ch 155, §11, 14562B.27AMethod of service of notice on tenant.1A landlord’s written notice of termination to the tenant required under section 562B.10, subsection 5, a notice of termination required under section 562B.25, a notice of termination and notice to quit required under section 562B.25A, or a notice to quit required by section 648.3, shall be served upon the tenant according to one or more of the following methods:aDelivery evidenced by an acknowledgment of delivery that is signed and dated by a resident of the dwelling unit who is at least eighteen years of age. Delivery under this paragraph shall be deemed to provide notice to all tenants of the dwelling unit.bPersonal service pursuant to rule of civil procedure 1.305, Iowa court rules, for the personal service of original notice.cPosting on the primary entrance door of the dwelling unit and mailing by both regular mail and certified mail, as defined in section 618.15, to the address of the dwelling unit or to the tenant’s last known address, if different from the address of the dwelling unit. A notice posted according to this paragraph shall be posted within the applicable time period for serving notice and shall include the date the notice was posted.2Notice served by mail under this section is deemed completed four days after the notice is deposited in the mail and postmarked for delivery, whether or not the recipient signs a receipt for the notice.92 Acts, ch 1211, §4; 96 Acts, ch 1203, §6; 99 Acts, ch 155, §12, 14; 2010 Acts, ch 1017, §6, 11; 2013 Acts, ch 97, §11562B.28Waiver of landlord’s right to terminate.Acceptance of performance by the tenant that varied from the terms of the rental agreement or rules subsequently adopted by the landlord constitutes a waiver of the landlord’s right to terminate the rental agreement for that breach, unless otherwise agreed after the breach has occurred.[C79, 81, §562B.28]562B.29Reserved.562B.30Periodic tenancy — holdover remedies.1The landlord may terminate a tenancy only as provided in this chapter.2Notwithstanding section 648.19, if the tenant remains in possession without the landlord’s consent after expiration of the term of the rental agreement or its termination, the landlord may bring an action for possession and recover actual damages. If the tenant’s holdover is willful and not in good faith, the landlord in addition may recover an amount not to exceed two months’ periodic rent and twice the actual damages sustained by the landlord. In any event, the landlord may recover reasonable attorney fees and court costs.[C79, 81, §562B.30]562B.31Landlord and tenant remedies for abuse of access to mobile home space.1If the tenant refuses to allow lawful access to the mobile home space, the landlord may terminate the rental agreement and may recover actual damages.2If the landlord makes an unlawful entry or a lawful entry to the mobile home space in an unreasonable manner or makes repeated demands for entry otherwise lawful but which have the effect of unreasonably harassing the tenant, the tenant may obtain injunctive relief to prevent the recurrence of the conduct or terminate the rental agreement. In either case, the tenant may recover actual damages not less than an amount equal to one month’s rent plus attorney fees.[C79, 81, §562B.31]562B.32Retaliatory conduct prohibited.1Except as provided in this section, a landlord shall not retaliate by increasing rent or decreasing services or by bringing or threatening to bring an action for possession or by failing to renew a rental agreement after any of the following:aThe tenant has complained to a governmental agency charged with responsibility for enforcement of a building or housing code of a violation applicable to the manufactured home community or mobile home park materially affecting health and safety. For this subsection to apply, a complaint filed with a governmental body must be in good faith.bThe tenant has complained to the landlord of a violation under section 562B.16.cThe tenant has organized or become a member of a tenant’s union or similar organization.dFor exercising any of the rights and remedies pursuant to this chapter or chapter 216.2If the landlord acts in violation of subsection 1 of this section, the tenant is entitled to the remedies provided in section 562B.24 and has a defense in an action for possession. In an action by or against the tenant, evidence of a complaint within one year prior to the alleged act of retaliation creates a presumption that the landlord’s conduct was in retaliation. The presumption does not arise if the tenant made the complaint after notice of termination of the rental agreement. For the purpose of this subsection, “presumption” means that the trier of fact must find the existence of the fact presumed unless and until evidence is introduced which would support a finding of its nonexistence.3Notwithstanding subsections 1 and 2 of this section, a landlord may bring an action for possession if either of the following occurs:aThe violation of the applicable building or housing code was caused primarily by lack of reasonable care by the tenant or other person in the household or upon the premises with the tenant’s consent.bThe tenant is in default of rent three days after rent is due. The maintenance of the action does not release the landlord from liability under section 562B.22, subsection 2.[C79, 81, §562B.32; 82 Acts, ch 1100, §25]2001 Acts, ch 153, §16; 2022 Acts, ch 1070, §1, 2