232DMINOR GUARDIANSHIPSIGENERAL PROVISIONS232D.101Short title.This chapter shall be known as the “Iowa Minor Guardianship Proceedings Act”.2019 Acts, ch 56, §1, 44, 45232D.102Definitions.1“Adult” means a person eighteen years of age or older or a person declared to be emancipated by a court of competent jurisdiction.2“Conservator” means a person appointed by a court to have custody and control of the property of a minor.3“Court” means the juvenile court established under section 602.7101.4“Demonstrated lack of consistent parental participation” means the refusal of a parent to comply with duties and responsibilities imposed upon a parent by the parent-child relationship, including but not limited to providing the minor with necessary food, clothing, shelter, health care, education, and other care and supervision necessary for the minor’s physical, mental, and emotional health and development.5“Guardian” means a person appointed by the court to have custody of a minor.6“Legal custodian” means a person awarded legal custody of a minor.7“Legal custody” means an award of the rights of legal custody of a minor under which a parent has legal custodial rights and responsibilities toward the minor child including but not limited to decision making affecting the minor’s legal status, medical care, education, extracurricular activities, and religious instruction.8“Limited guardianship” means a guardianship that grants the guardian less than all powers available under this chapter or otherwise restricts the powers of the guardian.9“Minor” means an unmarried and unemancipated person under the age of eighteen years.10“Parent” means a biological or adoptive mother or father of a child, a person whose parental status has been established by operation of law due to the person’s marriage to the mother at the time of the conception or birth of the child, by order of a court of competent jurisdiction, or by an administrative order when authorized by state law. “Parent” does not include a person whose parental rights have been terminated.2019 Acts, ch 56, §2, 44, 45232D.103Jurisdiction.The juvenile court has exclusive jurisdiction in a guardianship proceeding for appointment of a guardian for a minor and in a proceeding concerning the guardianship of a minor.2019 Acts, ch 56, §3, 44, 45; 2024 Acts, ch 1009, §1232D.104Venue.1Venue for guardianship proceedings under this chapter shall be in the judicial district where the minor is found or in the judicial district of the minor’s residence.2The court may transfer a guardianship proceeding brought under this chapter to the juvenile court of any county having venue at any stage in the proceedings as follows:aWhen it appears that the best interests of the minor or the convenience of the proceedings shall be served by a transfer, the court may transfer the case to the court of the county of the minor’s residence.bWith the consent of the receiving court, the court may transfer the case to the court of the county where the minor is found.3The court shall transfer the case by ordering the transfer and a continuance and by forwarding to the clerk of the receiving court a certified copy of all papers filed together with an order of transfer. The judge of the receiving court may accept the filings of the transferring court or may direct the filing of a new petition and hear the case anew.2019 Acts, ch 56, §4, 44, 45232D.105Proceedings governed by other law.1A petition alleging that a minor is in need of a conservatorship is not subject to this chapter. Such proceedings shall be governed by chapter 633 and may be initiated pursuant to section 633.557.2A petition for the appointment of a guardian for a minor and a petition for appointment of a conservator of a minor shall not be combined.3If a minor guardianship proceeding under this chapter pertains to an Indian child as defined in section 232B.3 and the proceeding is subject to the Iowa Indian child welfare Act under chapter 232B, the proceeding and other actions taken in connection with the proceeding shall comply with chapter 232B.2019 Acts, ch 56, §5, 44, 45; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §93232D.106Applicability of rules of civil procedure.The rules of civil procedure shall govern guardianship proceedings concerning a minor who is alleged to be in need of a guardianship except as otherwise set forth in this chapter.2019 Acts, ch 56, §6, 44, 45232D.107Reserved.Reserved.232D.108Reserved.Reserved.232D.109Reserved.Reserved.232D.110Reserved.Reserved.232D.111Reserved.Reserved.232D.112Reserved.Reserved.232D.113Reserved.Reserved.232D.114Reserved.Reserved.232D.115Reserved.Reserved.232D.116Reserved.Reserved.232D.117Reserved.Reserved.232D.118Reserved.Reserved.232D.119Reserved.Reserved.232D.120Reserved.Reserved.232D.121Reserved.Reserved.232D.122Reserved.Reserved.232D.123Reserved.Reserved.232D.124Reserved.Reserved.232D.125Reserved.Reserved.232D.126Reserved.Reserved.232D.127Reserved.Reserved.232D.128Reserved.Reserved.232D.129Reserved.Reserved.232D.130Reserved.Reserved.232D.131Reserved.Reserved.232D.132Reserved.Reserved.232D.133Reserved.Reserved.232D.134Reserved.Reserved.232D.135Reserved.Reserved.232D.136Reserved.Reserved.232D.137Reserved.Reserved.232D.138Reserved.Reserved.232D.139Reserved.Reserved.232D.140Reserved.Reserved.232D.141Reserved.Reserved.232D.142Reserved.Reserved.232D.143Reserved.Reserved.232D.144Reserved.Reserved.232D.145Reserved.Reserved.232D.146Reserved.Reserved.232D.147Reserved.Reserved.232D.148Reserved.Reserved.232D.149Reserved.Reserved.232D.150Reserved.Reserved.232D.151Reserved.Reserved.232D.152Reserved.Reserved.232D.153Reserved.Reserved.232D.154Reserved.Reserved.232D.155Reserved.Reserved.232D.156Reserved.Reserved.232D.157Reserved.Reserved.232D.158Reserved.Reserved.232D.159Reserved.Reserved.232D.160Reserved.Reserved.232D.161Reserved.Reserved.232D.162Reserved.Reserved.232D.163Reserved.Reserved.232D.164Reserved.Reserved.232D.165Reserved.Reserved.232D.166Reserved.Reserved.232D.167Reserved.Reserved.232D.168Reserved.Reserved.232D.169Reserved.Reserved.232D.170Reserved.Reserved.232D.171Reserved.Reserved.232D.172Reserved.Reserved.232D.173Reserved.Reserved.232D.174Reserved.Reserved.232D.175Reserved.Reserved.232D.176Reserved.Reserved.232D.177Reserved.Reserved.232D.178Reserved.Reserved.232D.179Reserved.Reserved.232D.180Reserved.Reserved.232D.181Reserved.Reserved.232D.182Reserved.Reserved.232D.183Reserved.Reserved.232D.184Reserved.Reserved.232D.185Reserved.Reserved.232D.186Reserved.Reserved.232D.187Reserved.Reserved.232D.188Reserved.Reserved.232D.189Reserved.Reserved.232D.190Reserved.Reserved.232D.191Reserved.Reserved.232D.192Reserved.Reserved.232D.193Reserved.Reserved.232D.194Reserved.Reserved.232D.195Reserved.Reserved.232D.196Reserved.Reserved.232D.197Reserved.Reserved.232D.198Reserved.Reserved.232D.199Reserved.Reserved.232D.200Reserved.Reserved.IIBASIS FOR APPOINTMENT OF GUARDIANS232D.201Termination of parental rights and child in need of assistance cases.1The court may appoint a guardian for a minor who does not have a guardian if all parental rights have been terminated.2The court may appoint a guardian for a minor in a child in need of assistance case pursuant to section 232.101A, 232.103A, or 232.104.2019 Acts, ch 56, §7, 44, 45232D.202Death of parents.1The court may appoint a guardian for a minor if both parents are deceased.2In appointing a guardian for a minor whose parents are deceased, the court shall give preference to a person, if qualified and suitable, nominated as guardian for a minor by a will that was executed by the parent or parents having legal custody of the minor at the time of the parent’s or parents’ death, and that was admitted to probate under chapter 633.2019 Acts, ch 56, §8, 44, 45232D.203Guardianship with parental consent.1The court may appoint a guardian for a minor if the court finds all of the following:aThe parent or parents having legal custody of the minor understand the nature of the guardianship and knowingly and voluntarily consent to the guardianship.bThe minor is in need of a guardianship because of any one of the following: 1The parent having legal custody of the minor has a physical or mental illness that prevents the parent from providing care and supervision of the child.2The parent having legal custody of the minor is incarcerated or imprisoned.3The parent having legal custody of the minor is on active military duty.4The minor is in need of a guardianship for some other reason constituting good cause shown.cAppointment of a guardian for the minor is in the best interest of the minor.2If the guardianship petition requests a guardianship with parental consent, the petition shall include an affidavit signed by the parent or parents verifying that the parent or parents knowingly and voluntarily consent to the guardianship. The consent required by this subsection shall be on a form prescribed by the judicial branch.3On or before the date of the hearing on the petition, the parent or parents and the proposed guardian shall file an agreement with the court. This agreement shall state the following:aThe responsibilities of the guardian.bThe responsibilities of the parent or parents.cThe expected duration of the guardianship, if known.4If the court grants the petition, it shall approve the guardianship agreement between the custodial parent and the proposed guardian and incorporate its terms by reference unless the court finds the agreement was not reached knowingly and voluntarily or is not in the best interests of the child.2019 Acts, ch 56, §9, 44, 45232D.204Guardianship without parental consent.1The court may appoint a guardian for a minor without the consent of the parent or parents having legal custody of the minor if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence all of the following:aThere is a person serving as a de facto guardian of the minor.bThere has been a demonstrated lack of consistent parental participation in the life of the minor by the parent. In determining whether a parent has demonstrated a lack of consistent participation in the minor’s life, the court may consider all of the following:1The intent of the parent in placing the custody, care, and supervision of the minor with the person petitioning as a de facto guardian and the facts and circumstances regarding such placement.2The amount of communication and visitation of the parent with the minor during the alleged de facto guardianship.3Any refusal of the parent to comply with conditions for retaining custody of the minor set forth in any previous court orders.2The court may appoint a guardian for a minor without the consent of the parent or parents having legal custody of the minor if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence all of the following:aNo parent having legal custody of the minor is willing or able to exercise the power the court will grant to the guardian if the court appoints a guardian.bAppointment of a guardian for the minor is in the best interest of the minor.3Prior to granting a petition for guardianship, the court shall consider whether the filing of a child in need of assistance petition is appropriate under section 232.87. If the court determines a child in need of assistance petition is not appropriate, the court shall make findings of why a child in need of assistance petition is not appropriate.4A proceeding under this section shall not create a new eligibility category for the department of health and human services protective services.2019 Acts, ch 56, §10, 44, 45; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §652232D.205Reserved.Reserved.232D.206Reserved.Reserved.232D.207Reserved.Reserved.232D.208Reserved.Reserved.232D.209Reserved.Reserved.232D.210Reserved.Reserved.232D.211Reserved.Reserved.232D.212Reserved.Reserved.232D.213Reserved.Reserved.232D.214Reserved.Reserved.232D.215Reserved.Reserved.232D.216Reserved.Reserved.232D.217Reserved.Reserved.232D.218Reserved.Reserved.232D.219Reserved.Reserved.232D.220Reserved.Reserved.232D.221Reserved.Reserved.232D.222Reserved.Reserved.232D.223Reserved.Reserved.232D.224Reserved.Reserved.232D.225Reserved.Reserved.232D.226Reserved.Reserved.232D.227Reserved.Reserved.232D.228Reserved.Reserved.232D.229Reserved.Reserved.232D.230Reserved.Reserved.232D.231Reserved.Reserved.232D.232Reserved.Reserved.232D.233Reserved.Reserved.232D.234Reserved.Reserved.232D.235Reserved.Reserved.232D.236Reserved.Reserved.232D.237Reserved.Reserved.232D.238Reserved.Reserved.232D.239Reserved.Reserved.232D.240Reserved.Reserved.232D.241Reserved.Reserved.232D.242Reserved.Reserved.232D.243Reserved.Reserved.232D.244Reserved.Reserved.232D.245Reserved.Reserved.232D.246Reserved.Reserved.232D.247Reserved.Reserved.232D.248Reserved.Reserved.232D.249Reserved.Reserved.232D.250Reserved.Reserved.232D.251Reserved.Reserved.232D.252Reserved.Reserved.232D.253Reserved.Reserved.232D.254Reserved.Reserved.232D.255Reserved.Reserved.232D.256Reserved.Reserved.232D.257Reserved.Reserved.232D.258Reserved.Reserved.232D.259Reserved.Reserved.232D.260Reserved.Reserved.232D.261Reserved.Reserved.232D.262Reserved.Reserved.232D.263Reserved.Reserved.232D.264Reserved.Reserved.232D.265Reserved.Reserved.232D.266Reserved.Reserved.232D.267Reserved.Reserved.232D.268Reserved.Reserved.232D.269Reserved.Reserved.232D.270Reserved.Reserved.232D.271Reserved.Reserved.232D.272Reserved.Reserved.232D.273Reserved.Reserved.232D.274Reserved.Reserved.232D.275Reserved.Reserved.232D.276Reserved.Reserved.232D.277Reserved.Reserved.232D.278Reserved.Reserved.232D.279Reserved.Reserved.232D.280Reserved.Reserved.232D.281Reserved.Reserved.232D.282Reserved.Reserved.232D.283Reserved.Reserved.232D.284Reserved.Reserved.232D.285Reserved.Reserved.232D.286Reserved.Reserved.232D.287Reserved.Reserved.232D.288Reserved.Reserved.232D.289Reserved.Reserved.232D.290Reserved.Reserved.232D.291Reserved.Reserved.232D.292Reserved.Reserved.232D.293Reserved.Reserved.232D.294Reserved.Reserved.232D.295Reserved.Reserved.232D.296Reserved.Reserved.232D.297Reserved.Reserved.232D.298Reserved.Reserved.232D.299Reserved.Reserved.232D.300Reserved.Reserved.IIIESTABLISHING GUARDIANSHIPS232D.301Petition.1Proceedings for guardianship pursuant to this chapter may be initiated by the filing of a petition by any person with an interest in the welfare of the minor. 2The petition shall list, to the extent known, all of the following:aThe name, age, and address of the minor who is the subject of the petition.bThe name and address of the petitioner and the petitioner’s relationship to the minor.cIf the petitioner is not the proposed guardian, the name and address of the proposed guardian and the reason the proposed guardian should be selected.dThe name and address, to the extent known and ascertainable, of the following:1Any living parents of the minor.2Any legal custodian of the minor.3Any adult who has had the primary care of the minor or with whom the minor has lived for at least six months prior to the filing of the petition.3The petition shall contain a concise statement of the factual basis for the petition.4The petition shall state whether a limited guardianship is appropriate, and whether a conservatorship for the minor is already in existence.5Any additional information, to the extent known and reasonably ascertainable, required by section 598B.209 shall be included in an affidavit attached to the petition.6The petition may request that a temporary guardian for a minor may be appointed. Such a petition shall specify the duration of the requested temporary guardianship and the reason for a temporary guardianship.2019 Acts, ch 56, §11, 44, 45; 2024 Acts, ch 1009, §2232D.302Notice.1The filing of a petition shall be served upon the minor who is the subject of the petition in the manner of an original notice in accordance with the rules of civil procedure governing such notice. Notice to the attorney representing the minor, if any, is notice to the minor.2Notice shall be served upon the minor’s known parents listed in the petition in accordance with the rules of civil procedure. If the parent has not filed a consent to the appointment of a guardian, the notice shall inform any parent named in the petition that the parent may be entitled to representation under the conditions described in section 232D.304. 3Notice shall be served upon other known persons listed in the petition in the manner prescribed by the court, which may be notice by mail. Failure of such persons to receive actual notice does not constitute a jurisdictional defect precluding the appointment of a guardian by the court.4Notice of the filing of a petition given to a person under subsection 2 or 3 shall include a statement that the person may register to receive notice of the hearing on the petition and other proceedings and the manner of such registration.2019 Acts, ch 56, §12, 44, 45; 2024 Acts, ch 1009, §3232D.303Attorney for minor.1Upon the filing of a petition for appointment of a guardian pursuant to section 232D.301, the court shall appoint an attorney for the minor, if the court determines that the interests of the minor are or may be inadequately represented.2An attorney representing the minor shall advocate for the wishes of the minor to the extent that those wishes are reasonably ascertainable and advocate for best interest of the minor if the wishes of the minor are not reasonably ascertainable.2019 Acts, ch 56, §13, 44, 45232D.304Attorney for parent.Upon the filing of a petition for appointment of a guardian, the court shall appoint an attorney for the parent identified in the petition if all of the following are true:1The parent objects to the appointment of a guardian for the minor.2The parent requests appointment of an attorney and the court determines that the parent is unable to pay for an attorney in accordance with section 232D.505.2019 Acts, ch 56, §14, 44, 45232D.305Court visitor.1The court may appoint a court visitor for the minor in a proceeding for the appointment of a guardian for a minor. 2The same person shall not serve both as the attorney representing the minor and as court visitor.3Unless otherwise enlarged or circumscribed by the court, the duties of a court visitor with respect to the minor shall include all of the following:aConducting, if the minor’s age is appropriate, an initial in-person interview with the minor.bExplaining to the minor, if the minor’s age is appropriate, the substance of the petition, the purpose and effect of the guardianship proceeding, the rights of the minor at the hearing, and the general powers and duties of a guardian.cDetermining, if the minor’s age is appropriate, the views of the minor regarding the proposed guardian, the proposed guardian’s powers and duties, and the scope and duration of the proposed guardianship.dInterviewing the parent or parents and any other person with legal responsibility for the custody, care, or both, of the minor.eInterviewing the petitioner, and if the petitioner is not the proposed guardian, interviewing the proposed guardian.fVisiting, to the extent feasible, the residence where it is reasonably believed that the minor will live if the guardian is appointed.gMaking any other investigation the court directs, including but not limited to interviewing any persons providing medical, mental health, educational, social, or other services to the minor.4The court visitor shall submit a written report to the court that contains all of the following: aA recommendation regarding the appropriateness of a guardianship for the minor.bA statement of the qualifications of the guardian together with a statement of whether the minor has expressed agreement with the appointment of the proposed guardian.cAny other matters the court visitor deems relevant to the petition for guardianship and the best interests of the minor.dAny other matters the court directs.5The report of the court visitor shall be made part of the court record unless otherwise ordered by the court.6The court may order a court visitor to continue to serve if the court determines continued service would be in the best interest of the minor. If the court continues the services of the court visitor, the court may limit the direct duties of the court visitor as the court deems necessary in which case the court visitor shall thereafter continue to serve until discharged by the court. If the court does not order the court visitor to continue, the order appointing the guardian shall discharge the court visitor.2019 Acts, ch 56, §15, 44, 45; 2024 Acts, ch 1009, §4, 5232D.306Hearing on petition.1The court shall fix the time and place of hearing on the petition and shall prescribe a time not less than twenty days after the date the notice is served unless the court finds there is good cause shown to shorten the time period. The court shall also prescribe the manner of service of the notice of such hearing.2The minor who is the subject of a petition filed pursuant to section 232D.301 shall be entitled to attend the hearing on the petition if the minor is of an age appropriate to attend the hearing. A presumption shall exist that a minor fourteen years of age or older is of an age appropriate to attend the hearing.3The court shall not exclude a minor entitled to attend the hearing under subsection 2 unless the court finds that there is good cause shown for excluding the minor from attendance.4A hearing on the petition may be recorded if a court reporter is not used.2019 Acts, ch 56, §16, 44, 45; 2024 Acts, ch 1009, §6232D.307Background checks of proposed guardians.1The court shall request criminal record checks and checks of the child abuse, dependent adult abuse, and sex offender registries in this state for all proposed guardians other than financial institutions with Iowa trust powers unless a proposed guardian has undergone the required background checks in this section within the twelve months prior to the filing of a petition.2The court shall review the results of background checks in determining the suitability of a proposed guardian for appointment.3The judicial branch in conjunction with the department of public safety, the department of health and human services, and the department of management shall establish procedures for electronic access to the single contact repository necessary to conduct background checks requested under subsection 1.4The person who files a petition for appointment of guardian for a minor shall be responsible for paying the fee for the background check conducted through the single contact repository unless the court waives the fee for good cause shown.2019 Acts, ch 56, §17, 44, 45; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §653; 2024 Acts, ch 1185, §158232D.308Selection of guardian qualifications and preferences.1The court shall appoint as guardian a qualified and suitable person who is willing to serve subject to the preferences as to the appointment of a guardian set forth in subsections 2 and 3.2In appointing a guardian for a minor, the court shall give preference to a person, if qualified and suitable, nominated as guardian for a minor by a will that was executed by the parent or parents having legal custody of the minor at the time of the parent’s or parents’ death, and that was admitted to probate under chapter 633.3In appointing a guardian for a minor, the court shall give preference, if qualified and suitable, to a person requested by a minor fourteen years of age or older.2019 Acts, ch 56, §18, 44, 45232D.309Emergency appointment of temporary guardian.1A person authorized to file a petition under section 232D.301 may file a petition for the emergency appointment of a temporary guardian for the minor.2The petition shall state all of the following:aThe name and address of the minor and the birthdate of the minor.bThe name and address of the living parents of the minor, if known.cThe name and address of any other person legally responsible for the custody or care of the minor, if known. dThe reason the emergency appointment of a temporary guardian is sought. 3The court may enter an ex parte order appointing a temporary guardian for a minor on an emergency basis under this section if the court finds that all of the following are met:aThere is not sufficient time to file a petition and hold a hearing pursuant to section 232D.301.bThe appointment of temporary guardian is necessary to avoid immediate or irreparable harm to the minor.4Notice of the emergency appointment of a temporary guardian shall be provided to persons required to be listed in the petition under subsection 2.5The parents of the minor and any other person legally responsible for the custody or care of the minor may file a written request for a hearing. Such hearing shall be held no later than seven days after the filing of the written request. 6The powers of the temporary guardian set forth in the ex parte order shall be limited to those necessary to address the emergency situation requiring the appointment of a temporary guardian.7The ex parte order shall terminate within thirty days after the order is issued.8The court may order an extension of the temporary guardianship for up to sixty days for good cause shown, including a showing that a hearing on a petition for a guardianship under section 232D.301 cannot be scheduled within sixty days after the order for a temporary guardianship is issued. Prior to or contemporaneously with the filing for an application for the extension of time, the guardian shall file a report with the court setting forth all of the following:aAll actions conducted by the guardian on behalf of the minor from the time of the initial appointment of the guardian up to the time of the report.bAll actions that the guardian plans to conduct on behalf of the minor during the sixty-day extension period.9The temporary guardian shall submit any other report the court requires.2019 Acts, ch 56, §19, 44, 45; 2024 Acts, ch 1009, §7232D.310Appointment of a guardian for a minor on a standby basis.1An adult person having physical and legal custody of a minor may execute a verified petition for the appointment of a guardian of the minor upon the express condition that the petition shall be acted upon by the court only upon the occurrence of an event specified or the existence of a described condition of the mental or physical health of the petitioner, the occurrence of which event, or the existence of which condition, shall be established in the manner directed in the petition. The petition, in addition to containing the information required in section 232D.301, shall include a statement that the petitioner understands the result of a guardian being appointed for the minor. An appointment of a guardian for a minor shall only be effective until the minor attains full age.2A standby petition may nominate a person for appointment to serve as guardian as well as alternate guardians if the nominated person is unable or unwilling or is removed as guardian. The court in appointing the guardian shall appoint the person or persons nominated by the petitioner unless the person or persons are not qualified or for other good cause and shall give due regard to other requests and recommendations contained in the petition. 3A standby petition may be deposited with the clerk of the county in which the minor resides or with any person nominated by the petitioner to serve as guardian. 4A standby petition may be revoked by the petitioner at any time before appointment of a guardian by the court, provided that the petitioner is of sound mind at the time of revocation. Revocation shall be accomplished by the destruction of the petition by the petitioner, or by the execution of an acknowledged instrument of revocation. If the petition has been deposited with the clerk, the revocation may likewise be deposited there.5If the standby petition has been deposited with the clerk under the provisions of subsection 3 and has not been revoked under the provisions of subsection 4, the petition may be filed with the court upon the filing of a verified statement to the effect that the occurrence of the event or the condition provided for in the petition has occurred. If the petition has not been deposited with the clerk under the provisions of subsection 3 and has not been revoked under the provisions of subsection 4, then the petition shall be filed with the court at the time a verified statement that the occurrence of the event or the condition provided for in the petition has occurred is filed with the court in the county where the minor then resides. Upon filing of the petition and verified statement, the person filing the verified statement shall become the petitioner and the proceedings shall be thereafter conducted as provided for in this chapter.6A standby petition for the appointment of a guardian for a minor shall not supersede any contradictory provision in a will admitted to probate of a parent, guardian, or custodian having physical and legal custody of a minor in the event of the parent’s, guardian’s, or custodian’s death.2019 Acts, ch 56, §20, 44, 45232D.311Appointment of guardian for minor approaching majority on a standby basis.Notwithstanding section 232D.103, any adult with an interest in the welfare of a minor who is at least seventeen years and six months of age may file a verified petition pursuant to section 633.556 to initiate a proceeding to appoint a guardian of the minor to take effect on the minor’s eighteenth birthday.2019 Acts, ch 56, §21, 44, 45232D.312Reserved.Reserved.232D.313Reserved.Reserved.232D.314Reserved.Reserved.232D.315Reserved.Reserved.232D.316Reserved.Reserved.232D.317Reserved.Reserved.232D.318Reserved.Reserved.232D.319Reserved.Reserved.232D.320Reserved.Reserved.232D.321Reserved.Reserved.232D.322Reserved.Reserved.232D.323Reserved.Reserved.232D.324Reserved.Reserved.232D.325Reserved.Reserved.232D.326Reserved.Reserved.232D.327Reserved.Reserved.232D.328Reserved.Reserved.232D.329Reserved.Reserved.232D.330Reserved.Reserved.232D.331Reserved.Reserved.232D.332Reserved.Reserved.232D.333Reserved.Reserved.232D.334Reserved.Reserved.232D.335Reserved.Reserved.232D.336Reserved.Reserved.232D.337Reserved.Reserved.232D.338Reserved.Reserved.232D.339Reserved.Reserved.232D.340Reserved.Reserved.232D.341Reserved.Reserved.232D.342Reserved.Reserved.232D.343Reserved.Reserved.232D.344Reserved.Reserved.232D.345Reserved.Reserved.232D.346Reserved.Reserved.232D.347Reserved.Reserved.232D.348Reserved.Reserved.232D.349Reserved.Reserved.232D.350Reserved.Reserved.232D.351Reserved.Reserved.232D.352Reserved.Reserved.232D.353Reserved.Reserved.232D.354Reserved.Reserved.232D.355Reserved.Reserved.232D.356Reserved.Reserved.232D.357Reserved.Reserved.232D.358Reserved.Reserved.232D.359Reserved.Reserved.232D.360Reserved.Reserved.232D.361Reserved.Reserved.232D.362Reserved.Reserved.232D.363Reserved.Reserved.232D.364Reserved.Reserved.232D.365Reserved.Reserved.232D.366Reserved.Reserved.232D.367Reserved.Reserved.232D.368Reserved.Reserved.232D.369Reserved.Reserved.232D.370Reserved.Reserved.232D.371Reserved.Reserved.232D.372Reserved.Reserved.232D.373Reserved.Reserved.232D.374Reserved.Reserved.232D.375Reserved.Reserved.232D.376Reserved.Reserved.232D.377Reserved.Reserved.232D.378Reserved.Reserved.232D.379Reserved.Reserved.232D.380Reserved.Reserved.232D.381Reserved.Reserved.232D.382Reserved.Reserved.232D.383Reserved.Reserved.232D.384Reserved.Reserved.232D.385Reserved.Reserved.232D.386Reserved.Reserved.232D.387Reserved.Reserved.232D.388Reserved.Reserved.232D.389Reserved.Reserved.232D.390Reserved.Reserved.232D.391Reserved.Reserved.232D.392Reserved.Reserved.232D.393Reserved.Reserved.232D.394Reserved.Reserved.232D.395Reserved.Reserved.232D.396Reserved.Reserved.232D.397Reserved.Reserved.232D.398Reserved.Reserved.232D.399Reserved.Reserved.232D.400Reserved.Reserved.IVAPPOINTMENT AND POWERS, DUTIES, AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF GUARDIANS232D.401Order appointing guardian and powers of guardian.1The order by the court appointing a guardian for a minor shall state the basis for the order.2The order by the court appointing a guardian for a minor shall state whether the guardianship is a limited guardianship.3An order by the court appointing a guardian for a minor shall state the powers granted to the guardian until such time as the guardian files an initial care plan and such plan is approved by the court as required by section 232D.501, subsection 4. Except as otherwise limited by an order appointing a guardian for a minor, the court may grant the guardian the following powers:aTaking custody of the minor and establishing the minor’s permanent residence if otherwise consistent with the terms of any order of competent jurisdiction relating to the custody, placement, detention, or commitment of the minor within the state.bConsenting to medical, dental, and other health care treatment and services for the minor.cProviding or arranging for the provision of education for the minor including but not limited to preschool education, primary education and secondary education, special education and related services, and vocational services.dConsenting to professional services for the minor to ensure the safety and welfare of the minor.eApplying for and receiving funds and benefits payable for the support of the minor.fAny other powers the court may specify.4The court may grant the guardian the following powers, which shall only be exercised with prior court approval:aConsenting to the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures, as defined in section 144A.2, from the minor, the performance of an abortion on the minor, or the sterilization of the minor.bEstablishing the residence of the minor outside of the state.cConsenting to the marriage of the minor.dConsenting to the emancipation of the minor.5The guardian shall obtain prior court approval for denial of all visitation, communication, or interaction between the minor and the parents of the minor. The court shall approve such denial of visitation, communication, or interaction upon a showing by the guardian that significant physical or emotional harm to the minor has resulted or is likely to result to the minor from parental contact. The guardian may place reasonable time, place, or manner restrictions on visitation, communication, or interaction between the minor and the minor’s parents without prior court approval.2019 Acts, ch 56, §22, 44, 45; 2024 Acts, ch 1009, §8232D.402Duties and responsibilities of guardian.1A guardian is a fiduciary and shall act in the best interest of the minor and exercise reasonable care, diligence, and prudence in performing guardianship duties and responsibilities. The fiduciary duties of a guardian for an adult set forth in chapter 633 are applicable to a guardian under this chapter.2Except as otherwise limited by the court, a guardian has the duty and responsibility to ensure the minor’s health, education, safety, welfare, and support.3A guardian with whom the minor is not living should maintain regular contact with the minor.4A guardian should make reasonable efforts to facilitate the continuation of the relationship of the minor and the minor’s parents subject to section 232D.401, subsection 5.5A guardian shall file the reports with the court required under section 232D.501.6A guardian shall promptly inform the court of any change in the permanent residence of the minor and the minor’s new address.7A guardian shall promptly inform the court of any change in the minor’s school or school district.2019 Acts, ch 56, §23, 44, 45232D.403Guardian’s acceptance of appointment and oath and issuance of letters of appointment.The court shall issue letters of appointment to a guardian upon the guardian’s acceptance of appointment and the guardian’s subscription of an oath, or certification under penalties of perjury, that the guardian will faithfully discharge the duties imposed by law, according to the best of the guardian’s ability.2019 Acts, ch 56, §24, 44, 45232D.404Reserved.Reserved.232D.405Reserved.Reserved.232D.406Reserved.Reserved.232D.407Reserved.Reserved.232D.408Reserved.Reserved.232D.409Reserved.Reserved.232D.410Reserved.Reserved.232D.411Reserved.Reserved.232D.412Reserved.Reserved.232D.413Reserved.Reserved.232D.414Reserved.Reserved.232D.415Reserved.Reserved.232D.416Reserved.Reserved.232D.417Reserved.Reserved.232D.418Reserved.Reserved.232D.419Reserved.Reserved.232D.420Reserved.Reserved.232D.421Reserved.Reserved.232D.422Reserved.Reserved.232D.423Reserved.Reserved.232D.424Reserved.Reserved.232D.425Reserved.Reserved.232D.426Reserved.Reserved.232D.427Reserved.Reserved.232D.428Reserved.Reserved.232D.429Reserved.Reserved.232D.430Reserved.Reserved.232D.431Reserved.Reserved.232D.432Reserved.Reserved.232D.433Reserved.Reserved.232D.434Reserved.Reserved.232D.435Reserved.Reserved.232D.436Reserved.Reserved.232D.437Reserved.Reserved.232D.438Reserved.Reserved.232D.439Reserved.Reserved.232D.440Reserved.Reserved.232D.441Reserved.Reserved.232D.442Reserved.Reserved.232D.443Reserved.Reserved.232D.444Reserved.Reserved.232D.445Reserved.Reserved.232D.446Reserved.Reserved.232D.447Reserved.Reserved.232D.448Reserved.Reserved.232D.449Reserved.Reserved.232D.450Reserved.Reserved.232D.451Reserved.Reserved.232D.452Reserved.Reserved.232D.453Reserved.Reserved.232D.454Reserved.Reserved.232D.455Reserved.Reserved.232D.456Reserved.Reserved.232D.457Reserved.Reserved.232D.458Reserved.Reserved.232D.459Reserved.Reserved.232D.460Reserved.Reserved.232D.461Reserved.Reserved.232D.462Reserved.Reserved.232D.463Reserved.Reserved.232D.464Reserved.Reserved.232D.465Reserved.Reserved.232D.466Reserved.Reserved.232D.467Reserved.Reserved.232D.468Reserved.Reserved.232D.469Reserved.Reserved.232D.470Reserved.Reserved.232D.471Reserved.Reserved.232D.472Reserved.Reserved.232D.473Reserved.Reserved.232D.474Reserved.Reserved.232D.475Reserved.Reserved.232D.476Reserved.Reserved.232D.477Reserved.Reserved.232D.478Reserved.Reserved.232D.479Reserved.Reserved.232D.480Reserved.Reserved.232D.481Reserved.Reserved.232D.482Reserved.Reserved.232D.483Reserved.Reserved.232D.484Reserved.Reserved.232D.485Reserved.Reserved.232D.486Reserved.Reserved.232D.487Reserved.Reserved.232D.488Reserved.Reserved.232D.489Reserved.Reserved.232D.490Reserved.Reserved.232D.491Reserved.Reserved.232D.492Reserved.Reserved.232D.493Reserved.Reserved.232D.494Reserved.Reserved.232D.495Reserved.Reserved.232D.496Reserved.Reserved.232D.497Reserved.Reserved.232D.498Reserved.Reserved.232D.499Reserved.Reserved.232D.500Reserved.Reserved.VCOURT MONITORING AND ADMINISTRATION OF GUARDIANSHIPS232D.501Reports of guardian.1A guardian appointed by the court under this chapter shall file the following reports which shall not be waived by the court:aA verified initial care plan filed within sixty days of appointment. The information in the initial care plan shall include but not be limited to the following information:1The minor’s current residence and guardian’s plan for the minor’s living arrangements.2The guardian’s plan for payment of the minor’s living expenses and other expenses.3The guardian’s plan, if any, for applying for and receiving funds and benefits payable for the support of the minor.4The minor’s health status and the guardian’s plan for meeting the minor’s health needs.5The minor’s educational training and vocational needs and the guardian’s plan for meeting the minor’s educational training and vocational needs.6The guardian’s plan for facilitating contacts of the minor with the minor’s parents.7The guardian’s plan for contact with and activities on behalf of the minor.bA verified annual report filed within thirty days of the close of the reporting period. The information in the annual report shall include but not be limited to the following information:1The current residence and living arrangements of the minor.2The sources of the payment for the minor’s living expenses and other expenses.3The minor’s health status and health services provided the minor.4The minor’s mental, behavioral, or emotional problems, if any, and professional services provided the minor for such problems.5The minor’s educational status and educational training and vocational services provided the minor.6The nature and extent of parental visits and communication with the minor.7The nature and extent of the guardian’s visits with and activities on behalf of the minor.8The need for continuation of guardianship.9The ability of the guardian to continue as guardian.10The need of the guardian for assistance in providing or arranging for the provision of care for the minor.11The results of the guardian’s efforts to apply for funds or benefits for the minor, and an accounting for the use of such funds or benefits by the guardian.12Any other information the guardian deems necessary for the court to consider.cA final report filed within thirty days of the termination of the guardianship under section 232D.503.2The judicial branch shall prescribe the forms for use by the guardian in filing the reports required by this section.3The clerk of the court shall notify the guardian in writing of the reporting requirements and shall provide information and assistance to the guardian in filing the reports.4Reports of the guardian shall be reviewed and approved by the court.2019 Acts, ch 56, §25, 44, 45; 2024 Acts, ch 1009, §9, 10232D.501ADelinquent plans or reports.1On June 1 and December 1 of each year, the clerk shall notify the fiduciary and the fiduciary’s attorney of any delinquent plans or reports due by law in any pending minor guardianship, and that unless such delinquent plan or report is filed within sixty days thereafter, the matter shall be reported to the presiding judge. If the delinquent plan or report is not filed within the time so specified, the fiduciary will be subject to removal under the provisions of section 232D.502.2On August 1 and February 1 of each year, the clerk shall report to the presiding judge all delinquent plans or reports in minor guardianships on which such notice has been given and no plan or report has been filed in response to the notice.2024 Acts, ch 1009, §11232D.502Removal of guardian appointment of successor guardian.1The court may remove a guardian for a minor for failure to perform guardianship duties or for other good cause shown.2The court shall conduct a hearing to determine whether a guardian should be removed on the filing of a petition by a minor under guardianship who is fourteen years of age or older, the parent of a minor, or other person with an interest in welfare of the minor if the court determines that there are reasonable grounds for believing that removal is appropriate based on the allegations stated in the petition.3The court may conduct a hearing to determine whether the guardian should be removed on the receipt of a written communication from a minor under guardianship who is fourteen years of age or older, the parent of the minor, or other person with an interest in welfare of the minor if the court determines that a hearing would be in the best interest of the minor.4The court may decline to hold a hearing under subsection 2 or 3 if the same or substantially similar facts were alleged in a petition filed in the preceding six months or in a written communication received in the preceding six months.5The court may appoint a successor guardian on the removal of a guardian pursuant to subsection 1, the death of a guardian, or the resignation of a guardian.2019 Acts, ch 56, §26, 44, 45232D.503Termination and modification of guardianships.1A guardianship shall terminate on the minor’s death, adoption, emancipation, or attainment of majority.2The court shall terminate a guardianship established pursuant to section 232D.203 if the court finds that the basis for the guardianship set forth in section 232D.203 is not currently satisfied unless the court finds that the termination of the guardianship would be harmful to the minor and the minor’s interest in continuation of the guardianship outweighs the interest of a parent of the minor in the termination of the guardianship.3The court shall terminate a guardianship established pursuant to section 232D.204 if the court finds that the basis for the guardianship set forth in section 232D.204 is not currently satisfied. A person seeking termination of guardianship established pursuant to section 232D.204 has the burden of making a prima facie showing that the guardianship should be terminated. If such a showing is made, the guardian has the burden of going forward to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the guardianship should not be terminated. 4The court shall modify the powers granted to the guardian if the court finds such powers no longer meet the needs of the minor or are not in the minor’s best interest.5The court may conduct a hearing to determine whether termination or modification of a guardianship is appropriate on the filing of a petition by a minor fourteen years of age or older who is under guardianship, a guardian, or other person with an interest in the welfare of the minor or on receipt of a written communication from such persons.6If the court orders termination of a guardianship established under this chapter and the guardian has custody of any assets of a protected person who is a minor or was a minor at the time of the minor’s death, the court shall order delivery of the minor’s assets to the minor or to a fiduciary acting under one or more of the following:aA conservatorship established for the minor.bA personal representative appointed as a result of the minor’s death.cA uniform transfer to minor account established for the minor pursuant to chapter 565B or the laws of any other state.dA uniform custodial trust account established for the minor pursuant to chapter 633F or the laws of any other state.eA college savings plan account established for the minor pursuant to Internal Revenue Code section 529 or chapter 12D or the laws of any other state.fAn ABLE account established for the minor with disabilities pursuant to Internal Revenue Code section 529A or chapter 12I or the laws of any other state.2019 Acts, ch 56, §27, 44, 45; 2021 Acts, ch 8, §22; 2021 Acts, ch 174, §13232D.504Rights and immunities of a guardian.1A guardian is not required to use the guardian’s personal funds for the minor’s expenses. If a conservator has been appointed for the estate of the minor, the guardian may request and the conservator may approve and pay for the requested reimbursement without prior court approval.2A guardian may submit a request, together with the guardian’s annual report, for approval by the court of reasonable compensation for services as guardian.3Notwithstanding section 137C.25B or any other provision of law to the contrary, a guardian is not liable to a third person for an act or omission of the minor solely by reason of the guardianship.2019 Acts, ch 56, §28, 44, 45232D.505Expenses.1Except as otherwise provided by law, the court shall inquire into the ability of the minor or the minor’s parent to pay expenses incurred pursuant to the guardianship proceedings established under this chapter. After giving the minor and the parent a reasonable opportunity to be heard, the court may order the minor or the parent to pay all or part of the following:aCosts of legal expenses of the minor and the parent.bExpenses for a court visitor.cFiling fees and other court costs, unless the costs are waived for good cause shown.2If the court finds a minor’s parents to be indigent, or if the minor has no parent, costs shall be assessed against the county in which the proceeding is pending. For purposes of assessing costs under this subsection, the court shall find a minor’s parents to be indigent if the minor’s or the parent’s income and resources do not exceed one hundred fifty percent of the federal poverty level, or the minor’s parent would be unable to pay such costs without prejudicing the parent’s ability to provide economic necessities for the parent or the parent’s dependents.2019 Acts, ch 56, §29, 44, 45