12/06/2023 09:131035:3396B441-109D-4880-8B22-024AEC0977F468124CONTROLLED SUBSTANCESSee §205.11 – 205.13 for additional provisions relating to administration and enforcementThis chapter not enacted as a part of this title; transferred from chapter 204 in Code 1993IDEFINITIONS — CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ADMINISTRATION — IMITATION CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES124.101Definitions.As used in this chapter:1“Administer” means the direct application of a controlled substance, whether by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means, to the body of a patient or research subject by:aA practitioner, or in the practitioner’s presence, by the practitioner’s authorized agent; orbThe patient or research subject at the direction and in the presence of the practitioner.2“Agent” means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at the direction of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser. It does not include a common or contract carrier, public warehouser, or employee of the carrier or warehouser.3“Board” means the board of pharmacy.4“Bureau” means the bureau of narcotics and dangerous drugs, United States department of justice, or its successor agency.5“Controlled substance” means a drug, substance, or immediate precursor in schedules I through V of subchapter II of this chapter.6“Counterfeit substance” means a controlled substance which, or the container or labeling of which, without authorization, bears the trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark, imprint, number or device, or any likeness thereof, of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser other than the person who in fact manufactured, distributed, or dispensed the substance.7“Deliver” or “delivery” means the actual, constructive, or attempted transfer from one person to another of a controlled substance, whether or not there is an agency relationship.8“Department” means the department of public safety of the state of Iowa.9“Dispense” means to deliver a controlled substance to an ultimate user or research subject by or pursuant to the lawful order of a practitioner, including the prescribing, administering, packaging, labeling, or compounding necessary to prepare the substance for that delivery.10“Dispenser” means a practitioner who dispenses.11“Distribute” means to deliver other than by administering or dispensing a controlled substance.12“Distributor” means a person who distributes.13“Drug” means:aSubstances recognized as drugs in the official United States Pharmacopoeia, official Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them;bSubstances intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in humans or animals;cSubstances, other than food, intended to affect the structure or any function of the human body or animals; anddSubstances intended for use as a component of any article specified in paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c” of this subsection. It does not include devices or their components, parts, or accessories.14“Electronic prescription” means a prescription which is transmitted by a computer device in a secure manner, including computer-to-computer transmission and computer-to-facsimile transmission.15“Facsimile prescription” means a prescription which is transmitted by a device which sends an exact image to the receiver.16“Imitation controlled substance” means a substance which is not a controlled substance but which by color, shape, size, markings, and other aspects of dosage unit appearance, and packaging or other factors, appears to be or resembles a controlled substance. The board may designate a substance as an imitation controlled substance pursuant to the board’s rulemaking authority and in accordance with chapter 17A. “Imitation controlled substance” also means any substance determined to be an imitation controlled substance pursuant to section 124.101B.17“Immediate precursor” means a substance which the board has found to be and by rule designates as being the principal compound commonly used or produced primarily for use, and which is an immediate chemical intermediary used or likely to be used in the manufacture of a controlled substance, the control of which is necessary to prevent, curtail, or limit manufacture.18“Isomer” means the optical isomer, except as used in section 124.204, subsection 4, and section 124.206, subsection 2, paragraph “d”. As used in section 124.204, subsection 4, “isomer” means the optical, positional, or geometric isomer. As used in section 124.206, subsection 2, paragraph “d”, “isomer” means the optical or geometric isomer.19“Manufacture” means the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, conversion, or processing of a controlled substance, either directly or by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis, and includes any packaging or repackaging of the substance or labeling or relabeling of its container, except that this term does not include the preparation, compounding, packaging, or labeling of a controlled substance:aBy a practitioner as an incident to administering or dispensing of a controlled substance in the course of the practitioner’s professional practice, orbBy a practitioner, or by an authorized agent under the practitioner’s supervision, for the purpose of, or as an incident to, research, teaching, or chemical analysis and not for sale.20“Marijuana” means all parts of the plants of the genus Cannabis, whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of the plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation of the plant, its seeds or resin, including tetrahydrocannabinols. It does not include the mature stalks of the plant, fiber produced from the stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of the plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the mature stalks (except the resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oil or cake or the sterilized seed of the plant which is incapable of germination.21“Narcotic drug” means any of the following, whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis:aOpium, opiates, derivatives of opium and opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation. Such term does not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.bPoppy straw and concentrate of poppy straw.cOpium poppy.dAny compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any of the substances referred to in paragraphs “a” through “c”.22“Office” means the office of drug control policy, as referred to in section 80E.1.23“Opiate” means any substance having an addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability similar to morphine or being capable of conversion into a drug having addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability. It does not include, unless specifically designated as controlled under section 124.201, the dextrorotatory isomer of 3-methoxy-n-methylmorphinan and its salts (dextromethorphan). It does include its racemic and levorotatory forms.24“Opium poppy” means the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L., except its seeds.25“Person” means individual, corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, or any other legal entity.26“Poppy straw” means all parts, except the seeds, of the opium poppy, after mowing.27“Practitioner” means either:aA physician, dentist, podiatric physician, prescribing psychologist, veterinarian, scientific investigator or other person licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted to distribute, dispense, conduct research with respect to, or to administer a controlled substance in the course of professional practice or research in this state.bA pharmacy, hospital or other institution licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted to distribute, dispense, conduct research with respect to or to administer a controlled substance in the course of professional practice or research in this state.28“Production” includes the manufacture, planting, cultivation, growing, or harvesting of a controlled substance.29“Simulated controlled substance” means a substance which is not a controlled substance but which is expressly represented to be a controlled substance, or a substance which is not a controlled substance but which is impliedly represented to be a controlled substance and which because of its nature, packaging, or appearance would lead a reasonable person to believe it to be a controlled substance.30“State”, when applied to a part of the United States, includes any state, district, commonwealth, territory, insular possession, and any area subject to the legal authority of the United States of America.31“Ultimate user” means a person who lawfully possesses a controlled substance for the person’s own use or for the use of a member of the person’s household or for administering to an animal owned by the person or by a member of the person’s household.[C51, §2728; R60, §4374; C73, §4038; C97, §2593; S13, §2593, 2596-a; C24, 27, 31, 35, §3151; C39, §3169.01, 3169.07; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, §204.1, 204.7; C71, §204.1, 204.7, 204A.1; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.101; 82 Acts, ch 1147, §1]84 Acts, ch 1013, §1 – 3; 91 Acts, ch 8, §1C93, §124.10194 Acts, ch 1009, §1; 95 Acts, ch 108, §1; 99 Acts, ch 89, §1, 2; 2001 Acts, ch 24, §28; 2004 Acts, ch 1036, §1; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §1; 2007 Acts, ch 10, §8; 2009 Acts, ch 25, §1; 2009 Acts, ch 133, §194; 2016 Acts, ch 1112, §2; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §2; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §2191124.101AAdministration of controlled substances — delegation.Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to prevent a physician, dentist, podiatric physician, or veterinarian from delegating the administration of controlled substances under this chapter to a nurse, intern, or other qualified individual or, as to veterinarians, to an orderly or assistant, under the veterinarian’s direction and supervision; all pursuant to rules adopted by the board.2009 Acts, ch 133, §195124.101BFactors indicating an imitation controlled substance.If a substance has not been designated as an imitation controlled substance by the board and if dosage unit appearance alone does not establish that a substance is an imitation controlled substance, the following factors may be considered in determining whether the substance is an imitation controlled substance:1The person in control of the substance expressly or impliedly represents that the substance has the effect of a controlled substance.2The person in control of the substance expressly or impliedly represents that the substance because of its nature or appearance can be sold or delivered as a controlled substance or as a substitute for a controlled substance.3The person in control of the substance either demands or receives money or other property having a value substantially greater than the actual value of the substance as consideration for delivery of the substance.2017 Acts, ch 145, §3124.102Reserved.Reserved.124.103Reserved.Reserved.124.104Reserved.Reserved.124.105Reserved.Reserved.124.106Reserved.Reserved.124.107Reserved.Reserved.124.108Reserved.Reserved.124.109Reserved.Reserved.124.110Reserved.Reserved.124.111Reserved.Reserved.124.112Reserved.Reserved.124.113Reserved.Reserved.124.114Reserved.Reserved.124.115Reserved.Reserved.124.116Reserved.Reserved.124.117Reserved.Reserved.124.118Reserved.Reserved.124.119Reserved.Reserved.124.120Reserved.Reserved.124.121Reserved.Reserved.124.122Reserved.Reserved.124.123Reserved.Reserved.124.124Reserved.Reserved.124.125Reserved.Reserved.124.126Reserved.Reserved.124.127Reserved.Reserved.124.128Reserved.Reserved.124.129Reserved.Reserved.124.130Reserved.Reserved.124.131Reserved.Reserved.124.132Reserved.Reserved.124.133Reserved.Reserved.124.134Reserved.Reserved.124.135Reserved.Reserved.124.136Reserved.Reserved.124.137Reserved.Reserved.124.138Reserved.Reserved.124.139Reserved.Reserved.124.140Reserved.Reserved.124.141Reserved.Reserved.124.142Reserved.Reserved.124.143Reserved.Reserved.124.144Reserved.Reserved.124.145Reserved.Reserved.124.146Reserved.Reserved.124.147Reserved.Reserved.124.148Reserved.Reserved.124.149Reserved.Reserved.124.150Reserved.Reserved.124.151Reserved.Reserved.124.152Reserved.Reserved.124.153Reserved.Reserved.124.154Reserved.Reserved.124.155Reserved.Reserved.124.156Reserved.Reserved.124.157Reserved.Reserved.124.158Reserved.Reserved.124.159Reserved.Reserved.124.160Reserved.Reserved.124.161Reserved.Reserved.124.162Reserved.Reserved.124.163Reserved.Reserved.124.164Reserved.Reserved.124.165Reserved.Reserved.124.166Reserved.Reserved.124.167Reserved.Reserved.124.168Reserved.Reserved.124.169Reserved.Reserved.124.170Reserved.Reserved.124.171Reserved.Reserved.124.172Reserved.Reserved.124.173Reserved.Reserved.124.174Reserved.Reserved.124.175Reserved.Reserved.124.176Reserved.Reserved.124.177Reserved.Reserved.124.178Reserved.Reserved.124.179Reserved.Reserved.124.180Reserved.Reserved.124.181Reserved.Reserved.124.182Reserved.Reserved.124.183Reserved.Reserved.124.184Reserved.Reserved.124.185Reserved.Reserved.124.186Reserved.Reserved.124.187Reserved.Reserved.124.188Reserved.Reserved.124.189Reserved.Reserved.124.190Reserved.Reserved.124.191Reserved.Reserved.124.192Reserved.Reserved.124.193Reserved.Reserved.124.194Reserved.Reserved.124.195Reserved.Reserved.124.196Reserved.Reserved.124.197Reserved.Reserved.124.198Reserved.Reserved.124.199Reserved.Reserved.124.200Reserved.Reserved.IISTANDARDS AND SCHEDULES124.201Duty to recommend changes in schedules — temporary amendments to schedules.1The board shall administer the regulatory provisions of this chapter. Annually, within thirty days after the convening of each regular session of the general assembly, the board shall recommend to the general assembly any deletions from, or revisions in the schedules of substances, enumerated in section 124.204, 124.206, 124.208, 124.210, or 124.212, which it deems necessary or advisable. In making a recommendation to the general assembly regarding a substance, the board shall consider the following:aThe actual or relative potential for abuse;bThe scientific evidence of its pharmacological effect, if known;cState of current scientific knowledge regarding the substance;dThe history and current pattern of abuse;eThe scope, duration, and significance of abuse;fThe risk to the public health;gThe potential of the substance to produce psychic or physiological dependence liability; andhWhether the substance is an immediate precursor of a substance already controlled under this subchapter.2After considering the factors described in subsection 1, the board shall make a recommendation to the general assembly, specifying the change which should be made in existing schedules, if it finds that the potential for abuse or lack thereof of the substance is not properly reflected by the existing schedules.3If the board designates a substance as an immediate precursor, substances which are precursors of the controlled precursor shall not be subject to control solely because they are precursors of the controlled precursor. Such designations shall be made pursuant to the procedures of chapter 17A.4If any new substance is designated as a controlled substance under federal law and notice of the designation is given to the board, the board shall similarly designate as controlled the new substance under this chapter after the expiration of thirty days from publication in the federal register of a final order designating a new substance as a controlled substance, unless within that thirty-day period the board objects to the new designation. In that case the board shall publish the reasons for objection and afford all interested parties an opportunity to be heard. At the conclusion of the hearing the board shall announce its decision. Upon publication of objection to a new substance being designated as a controlled substance under this chapter by the board, control under this chapter is stayed until the board publishes its decision. If a substance is designated as controlled by the board under this subsection the control shall be considered a temporary amendment to the schedules of controlled substances in this chapter. If the board so designates a substance as controlled, which is considered a temporary amendment to the schedules of controlled substances in this chapter, and if the general assembly does not amend this chapter to enact the temporary amendment and make the enactment effective within two years from the date the temporary amendment first became effective, the temporary amendment is repealed by operation of law two years from the effective date of the temporary amendment. A temporary amendment repealed by operation of law is subject to section 4.13 relating to the construction of statutes and the application of a general savings provision.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.201]C93, §124.2012012 Acts, ch 1122, §7, 11; 2013 Acts, ch 90, §24; 2014 Acts, ch 1026, §28; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §1; 2020 Acts, ch 1063, §58124.201ACannabis-derived products rules.1If a cannabis-derived investigational product approved as a prescription drug medication by the United States food and drug administration is added to the federal schedule of controlled substances by the federal drug enforcement administration and notice of the addition is given to the board, the board shall similarly add the prescription drug medication in the schedule of controlled substances under this chapter.2If a cannabis-derived product approved as a prescription drug medication by the United States food and drug administration is eliminated from or revised in the federal schedule of controlled substances by the federal drug enforcement administration and notice of the elimination or revision is given to the board, the board shall similarly eliminate or revise the prescription drug medication in the schedule of controlled substances under this chapter.3The board shall adopt rules pursuant to chapter 17A to administer this section. The board may adopt rules on an emergency basis as provided in section 17A.4, subsection 3, and section 17A.5, subsection 2, to administer this section, and the rules shall be effective immediately upon filing unless a later date is specified in the rules. Any emergency rules adopted in accordance with this section shall also be published as a notice of intended action as provided in section 17A.4, subsection 1.4Any cannabis-derived investigational product or cannabis-derived product approved as a prescription drug medication by the United States food and drug administration shall not be considered marijuana or cannabimimetic agents, both as defined in section 124.204, tetrahydrocannabinols as used in section 124.204, subsection 4, paragraph “u”, unnumbered paragraph 1, or hemp as defined in section 204A.2.2017 Acts, ch 162, §1, 25; 2020 Acts, ch 1023, §1, 13; 2024 Acts, ch 1177, §46, 55124.202Controlled substances — listed regardless of name.The controlled substances listed in the schedules in sections 124.204, 124.206, 124.208, 124.210 and 124.212 are included by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or trade name is designated.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.202]C93, §124.202124.203Substances listed in schedule I — criteria.1The board shall recommend to the general assembly that the general assembly place a substance in schedule I if the substance is not already included therein and the board finds that the substance:aHas high potential for abuse; andbHas no accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; or lacks accepted safety for use in treatment under medical supervision.2If the board finds that any substance included in schedule I does not meet these criteria, the board shall recommend that the general assembly place the substance in a different schedule or remove the substance from the list of controlled substances, as appropriate.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.203]C93, §124.2032009 Acts, ch 41, §34, 263124.204Schedule I — substances included.1Schedule I shall consist of the drugs and other substances, by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name designated, listed in this section.2Opiates.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation:aAcetylmethadol.bAllylprodine.cAlphacetylmethadol (except levo-alphacetylmethadol also known as levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate, or LAAM).dAlphameprodine.eAlphamethadol.fAlpha-Methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl)ethyl-4-piperidyl] propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido) piperidine).gBenzethidine.hBetacetylmethadol.iBetameprodine.jBetamethadol.kBetaprodine.lClonitazene.mDextromoramide.nDifenoxin.oDiampromide.pDiethylthiambutene.qDimenoxadol.rDimepheptanol.sDimethylthiambutene.tDioxaphetyl butyrate.uDipipanone.vEthylmethylthiambutene.wEtonitazene.xEtoxeridine.yFurethidine.zHydroxypethidine.aaKetobemidone.abLevomoramide.acLevophenacylmorphan.adMorpheridine.aeNoracymethadol.afNorlevorphanol.agNormethadone.ahNorpipanone.aiPhenadoxone.ajPhenampromide.akPhenomorphan.alPhenoperidine.amPiritramide.anProheptazine.aoProperidine.apPropiram.aqRacemoramide.arTilidine.asTrimeperidine.atBeta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl (other name: N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide).auAcetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylacetamide).avAlpha-methylthiofentanyl (N-[1-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylpropanamide).awBeta-hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylpropanamide).ax3-Methylfentanyl (N-[3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N- phenylpropanamide). For purposes of this opiate, “isomers” includes optical and geometric isomers.ay3-Methylthiofentanyl (N-[(3-methyl-1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylpropanamide).azMPPP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine).baPara-fluorofentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl] propanamide).bbPEPAP (1-(-2-phenethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine).bcThiofentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-propanamide).bdAH-7921 (3,4-dichloro-N-[(1-dimethylamino) cyclohexylmethyl]benzamide.beMT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine).bfN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide. Other name: acetyl fentanyl.bgN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylfuran-2-carboxamide. Other name: Furanyl fentanyl.bhN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutyramide. Other name: Butyryl fentanyl.biN-[1-[2-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]-N-phenylpropionamide. Other name: beta-hydroxythiofentanyl.bj3,4-Dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide. Other name: U-47700.bkN-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide. Other names: 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl, para-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl.blN-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide. Other names: ortho-fluorofentanyl; 2-fluorofentanyl.bmN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide. Other name: tetrahydrofuranyl fentanyl.bn2-methoxy-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide. Other name: methoxyacetyl fentanyl.boN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide. Other names: acryl fentanyl; acryloylfentanyl.bpN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide. Other name: cyclopropyl fentanyl.bqN-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide. Other name: para-fluorobutyryl fentanyl.brN-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide. Other name: ocfentanil.bs(E)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbut-2-enamide. Other name: crotonyl fentanyl.btN-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylpropyl)piperidin-4-yl)propionamide. Other name: beta-methyl fentanyl.buN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4yl)-N,3-diphenylpropanamide. Other names: beta’-Phenyl fentanyl, 3-phenylpropanoyl fentanyl.bvN-(1-(2-fluorophenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)propionamide. Other names: 2’-Fluoro ortho-fluorofentanyl, 2’-fluoro 2-fluorofentanyl.bwN-(1-(4-methylphenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide. Other name: 4’-Methyl acetyl fentanyl.bxN-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide. Other names: ortho-Fluorobutyryl fentanyl, 2-fluorobutyryl fentanyl.byN-(2-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide. Other names: ortho-Methyl acetylfentanyl, 2-methyl acetylfentanyl.bz2-methoxy-N-(2-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide. Other names: ortho-Methyl methoxyacetyl fentanyl, 2-methyl methoxyacetyl fentanyl.caN-(4-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide. Other names: para-Methylfentanyl, 4-methylfentanyl.cbN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbenzamide. Other names: Phenyl fentanyl, benzoyl fentanyl.ccN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylthiophene-2-carboxamide. Other names: Thiofuranyl fentanyl, 2-thiofuranyl fentanyl, thiophene fentanyl.cdEthyl (1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)(phenyl)carbamate. Other name: fentanyl carbamate.ceN-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acrylamide. Other name: ortho-Fluoroacryl fentanyl.cfN-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide. Other name: ortho-Fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl.cgN-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide. Other name: para-Fluoro furanyl fentanyl.chN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpentanamide. Other name: valeryl fentanyl.ciN-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide. Other name: para-methoxybutyryl fentanyl.cjN-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide. Other name: para-Chloroisobutyryl fentanyl.ckN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylisobutyramide. Other name: Isobutyryl fentanyl.clN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylcyclopentanecarboxamide. Other name: cyclopentyl fentanyl.cmN,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-isopropoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. Other name: isotonitazene.cnZipeprol (1-methoxy-3-[4-(2-methoxy-2-phenylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-phenylpropan-2-ol).coBrorphine (1-(1-(1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one).cpMetonitazene (N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine).cq2-methyl-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide. Other name: alpha’-Methyl butyryl fentanyl.crN-(1-(2,5- dimethoxyphenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide. Other name: 2’,5’-Dimethoxyfentanyl.csN-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylfuran-3-carboxamide. Other name: 3-Furanyl fentanyl.ct3-methyl-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide. Other name: Isovaleryl fentanyl.cuN-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide. Other name: meta-Fluorofentanyl.cvN-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide. Other name: meta-Fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl.cwN-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide. Other name: ortho-Fluorofuranyl fentanyl.cxN-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide. Other name: para-Methoxyfuranyl fentanyl.cyN-(4-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide. Other name: para-Methylcyclopropyl fentanyl.cz1-(2-methyl-4-(3-phenylprop-2-en-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butan-1-one. Other name: 2-Methyl AP-237.da2-(2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-N,N-diethylethan-1-amine. Other names: etodesnitazene; etazene.db2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-benzimidazole. Other names: N-pyrrolidino etonitazene; etonitazepyne.dcN,N-diethyl-2-(5-nitro-2-(4-propoxybenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. Other name: protonitazene.3Opium derivatives.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following opium derivatives, their salts, isomers and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:aAcetorphine.bAcetyldihydrocodeine.cBenzylmorphine.dCodeine methylbromide.eCodeine-N-Oxide.fCyprenorphine.gDesomorphine.hDihydromorphine.iEtorphine (except hydrochloride salt).jHeroin.kHydromorphinol.lMethyldesorphine.mMethyldihydromorphine.nMorphine methylbromide.oMorphine methylsulfonate.pMorphine-N-Oxide.qMyrophine.rNicocodeine.sNicomorphine.tNormorphine.uPholcodine.vThebacon.wDrotebanol.4Hallucinogenic substances.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation, which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, or which contains any of its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation (for purposes of this subsection only, the term “isomer” includes the optical, position and geometric isomers):a4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine. Some trade or other names: 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-a-methylphenethylamine; 4-bromo-2,5-DMA.b2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine. Some trade or other names: 2,5-dimethoxy-a-methylphenethylamine; 2,5-DMA.c4-methoxyamphetamine. Some trade or other names: 4-methoxy-a- methylphenethylamine; paramethoxyamphetamine, PMA.d5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine.e4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyl-amphetamine. Some trade or other names: 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-a-methylphenethylamine; “DOM”; and “STP”.f3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine, also known as MDA.g3,4,5-trimethoxy amphetamine.hBufotenine. Some trade or other names: 3-(B-Dimethylaminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole; 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-5-indolol; N, N-dimethylserotonin; 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; mappine.iDiethyltryptamine. Some trade or other names: N,N-Diethyltryptamine; DET.jDimethyltryptamine. Some trade or other names:DMT.kIbogaine. Some trade or other names: 7-Ethyl-6,6B,7,8,9,10,12,13-octahydro-2-methoxy-6,9-methano-5H-pyrido [1’,2’:1,2] azepino [5,4-b] indole; Tabernanthe iboga.lLysergic acid diethylamide.mMarijuana, except as otherwise provided in subsection 7.nMescaline.oParahexyl. Some trade or other names: 3-Hexyl-1-hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo [b,d]pyran; Synhexyl.pPeyote, except as otherwise provided in subsection 8. Meaning all parts of the plant presently classified botanically as Lophophora williamsii Lemaire, whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, any extract from any part of such plant, and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds or extracts.qN-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate.rN-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate.sPsilocybin.tPsilocyn.u1Tetrahydrocannabinols, meaning tetrahydrocannabinols naturally contained in a plant of the genus Cannabis (Cannabis plant) as well as synthetic equivalents of the substances contained in the Cannabis plant, or in the resinous extractives of such plant, and synthetic substances, derivatives, and their isomers with similar chemical structure and pharmacological activity to those substances contained in the plant, such as the following:a1 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers.b6 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers.c3,4 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers. (Since nomenclature of these substances is not internationally standardized, compounds of these structures, regardless of numerical designation of atomic positions covered.)2Subparagraph (1) does not include tetrahydrocannabinol to the extent excluded in subsection 7.vEthylamine analog of phencyclidine. Some trade or other names: N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine, (1-phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine, N-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine, cyclohexamine, PCE.wPyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine. Some trade or other names: 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-pyrrolidine, PCPy, PHP.xThiophene analog of phencyclidine. Some trade or other names: 1-[1-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexyl]-piperidine, 2-thienylanalog of phencyclidine, TPCP, TCP.y1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine. Some other names: TCPy.z3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).aa3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (also known as N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine, N-ethyl MDA, MDE, MDEA).abN-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (also known as N-hydroxy-alpha-methyl-3,4(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine, and N-hydroxy MDA).ac2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphet-amine. Some trade or other names: DOET.adAlpha-ethyltryptamine. Some trade or other names: etryptamine; Monase; a-ethyl-1H-indole-3-ethanamine; 3-(2-aminobutyl) indole; alpha-ET; and AET.ae4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine. Some trade or other names: 2-(4-bromo- 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-aminoethane; alpha-desmethyl DOB; 2C-B, Nexus.af2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine. Other name: 2C-T-7.agAlpha-methyltryptamine. Other name: AMT.ah5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine. Other name: 5-MeO-DIPT.ai1Salvia divinorum. 2Salvinorin A.3HU-210. [(6aR,10aR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl) 6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c] chromen-1-ol)]. 4HU-211(dexanabinol, (6aS,10aS)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c] chromen-1-ol). 5Unless specifically exempted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of cannabimimetic agents, or which contains their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation.aThe term “cannabimimetic agents” means any substance that is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 receptor) agonist as demonstrated by binding studies and functional assays within any of the following structural classes:i2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol with substitution at the 5-position of the phenolic ring by alkyl or alkenyl, whether or not substituted on the cyclohexyl ring to any extent.ii3-(1-naphthoyl)indole or 3-(1-naphthylmethane)indole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent, whether or not substituted on the naphthoyl or naphthyl ring to any extent. iii3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring, whether or not further substituted in the pyrrole ring to any extent, whether or not substituted on the naphthoyl ring to any extent.iv1-(1-naphthylmethylene)indene by substitution of the 3-position of the indene ring, whether or not further substituted in the indene ring to any extent, whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent.v3-phenylacetylindole or 3-benzoylindole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent, whether or not substituted on the phenyl ring to any extent.bSuch terms include:i5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol (CP-47,497).ii1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018 and AM678).iii1-butyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-073).iv1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-200).v1-hexyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-019).vi1-pentyl-3-[1-(4-methoxynaphthoyl)]indole (JWH-081).vii1-pentyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-122).viii1-pentyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (JWH-250).ixRCS-4 and SR-19 1-pentyl-3-[(4methoxy)-benzoyl]indole.xRCS-8 and SR 18 1-cyclohexylethyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole.xiAM2201 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole.xiiJWH-203 1-pentyl-3-(2-chlorophenylacetyl)indole.xiiiJWH-398 1-pentyl-3-(4-chloro-1-naphthoyl)indole.xivAM694 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole.xv5-(1,1-dimethyloctyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol (Cannabicyclohexanol or CP-47,497 C8-homolog).aj3,4-Methylenedioxyl-N-methylcathinone (Methylone).ak5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Some trade or other names:5-methoxy-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole; 5-MeO-DMT.al4-methyl-N-ethylcathinone. Other names: 4-MEC, 2-(ethylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one.am4-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone. Other names: 4-MePPP, MePPP, 4-methyl-[alpha]-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propan-1-one.anAlpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone. Other names: [alpha]-PVP, [alpha]-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one.aoButylone. Other names: bk-MBDB, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)butan-1-one.apPentedrone. Other names: [alpha]-methylaminovalerophenone, 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpentan-1-one.aqPentylone. Other names: bk-MBDP, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)pentan-1-one.ar4-fluoro-N-methylcathinone. Other names: 4-FMC, flephedrone, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one.as3-fluoro-N-methylcathinone. Other names: 3-FMC, 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one.atNaphyrone. Other names: naphthylpyrovalerone, 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one.auAlpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone. Other names: [alpha]-PBP, 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)butan-1-one.avMarijuana extract meaning an extract containing one or more cannabinoids that has been derived from any plant of the genus Cannabis, containing greater than 0.3 percent tetrahydrocannabinol on a dry weight basis, other than the separated resin (whether crude or purified) obtained from the plant.awAny substance, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any synthetic cathinone that is not approved as a pharmaceutical, including but not limited to the following:14-methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone).23,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV).34-methoxymethcathinone (methedrone; Bk-PMMA).43,4-methylenedioxyethcathinone (ethylone).5N,N-dimethylcathinone(metamfepramone).6Alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (alpha-PPP).74-methoxy-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MOPPP).83,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MDPPP).96,7-dihydro-5H-indeno-(5,6-d)-1,3-dioxol-6-amine) (MDAI). 103-fluoromethcathinone.114’-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MPBP).122-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-E).132-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-D).142-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-C).152-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-I).162-[4-(Ethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-2).172-[4-(Isopropylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-4).182-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-H).192-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)ethanamine (2C-N).202-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-P).ax(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone. Other names: UR-144, 1-pentyl-3-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole.ay[1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone. Other names: 5-fluoro-UR-144, 5-F-UR-144, XLR11, 1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-3-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole.azN-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other names: APINACA, AKB48.ba2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine. Other names: 25I-NBOMe,2C-I-NBOMe, 25I, Cimbi-5.bb2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine. Other names: 25C-NBOMe,2C-C-NBOMe, 25C, Cimbi-82.bc2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine. Other names: 25B-NBOMe,2C-B-NBOMe, 25B, Cimbi-36.bdQuinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate. Other names: PB-22, QUPIC.beQuinolin-8-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate. Other names: 5-fluoro-PB-22, 5F-PB-22.bfN-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other names: AB-FUBINACA.bgN-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other name: ADB-PINACA.bhN-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other name: AB-CHMINACA.biN-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other name: AB-PINACA.bj[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl](naphthalene-1-yl)methanone. Other name: THJ-2201.bkN-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other names: MAB-CHMINACA; ADB-CHMINACA.blMethyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate. Other names: 5F-ADB; 5F-MDMB-PINACA.bmMethyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate. Other name: 5F-AMB.bnN-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other names: 5F-APINACA, 5F-AKB48.boN-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other name: ADB-FUBINACA.bpMethyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate. Other names: MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMINACA.bqMethyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate. Other name: MDMB-FUBINACA.brMethyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate. Other names: FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA, AMB-FUBINACA.bsmethyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate. Other names: 4F-MDMB-BINACA, 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA.bt1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine. Other names: para-methoxymethamphetamine, PMMA.buNaphthalen-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate. Other names: NM2201 or CBL2201.bvN-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other name: 5F-AB-PINACA.bw1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other names: 4-CN-CUMYL-BUTINACA, 4-cyano-CUMYL-BUTINACA, 4-CN-CUMYL BINACA, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, or SGT-78.bxMethyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate. Other names: MMB-CHMICA or AMB-CHMICA.by1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide. Other name: 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA.bz1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)-pentan-1-one. Other names: N-ethylpentylone or ephylone.caEthyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate. Other name: 5F-EDMB-PINACA.cbMethyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate. Other names: 5F-MDMB-PICA; 5F-MDMB-2201.ccN-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other names: FUB-AKB48; FUB-APINACA; AKB48 N-(4-FLUOROBENZYL).cd1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other names: 5F-CUMYL-PINACA; SGT-25.ce(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl) (2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl) methanone. Other name: FUB-144.cf2-(ethylamino)-1-phenylhexan-1-one). Other names: N-Ethylhexedrone; alpha-ethylaminohexanophenone.cgAlpha-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone. Other names: alpha-PHP; alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone; 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one.ch4-Methyl-alpha-ethylaminopentiophenone. Other names: 4-MEAP; 2-(ethylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)pentan-1-one.ci4’-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone. Other names: MPHP; 4’-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone; 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one.cjalpha-Pyrrolidinoheptaphenone. Other names: PV8; 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)heptan-1-one.ck4’-Chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone. Other names: 4-chloro-alpha-PVP;4’-chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone; 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one.cl2-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one. Other names: methoxetamine; MXE.cm1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)butan-1-one. Some trade or other names: eutylone; bk-EBDB.cnN-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-butyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other name: ADB-BUTINACA.co4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one. Other name: alpha-PiHP.cp2-(methylamino)-1-(3-methylphenyl)propan-1-one. Other names: 3-MMC; 3-methylmethcathinone.5Depressants.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:aMecloqualone.bMethaqualone.cGamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Some trade or other names: GHB; gamma-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybutanoic acid; sodium oxybate; sodium oxybutyrate.6Stimulants.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substance having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers:aFenethylline.bN-ethylamphetamine.c(+-)cis-4-methylaminorex ((+-)cis-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine).dN,N-dimethylamphetamine (also known as N,N-alpha-trimethyl-benzeneethanamine; N,N-alpha-trimethylphenethylamine).eCathinone. Some trade or other names: 2-amino-1-phenyl-1-propanone, alpha- aminopropiophenone, 2-aminopropiophenone, and norephedrone.fAminorex. Some other names: aminoxaphen; 2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline; 4,5-dihydro-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine.gMethcathinone, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of optical isomers. Some other names: 2-(methylamino)-propiophenone; alpha-(methylamino)propiophenone; 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one; alpha-N-methylaminopropiophenone; monomethylpropion; ephedrone; N-methylcathinone; methylcathinone; AL-464; AL-422; AL-463; and UR1432.hN-Benzylpiperazine. Some other names: BZP, 1-benzylpiperazine.i4,4’-Dimethylaminorex. Other names: 4,4’-DMAR; 4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxazolamine; 4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-amine.jAmineptine (7-[(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[alpha,delta]cyclohepten-5-yl)amino]heptanoic acid).kMesocarb (N-phenyl-N’-(3-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1,2,3-oxadiazol-3-ium-5-yl)carbamimidate).lMethiopropamine (N-methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-amine).7Exclusions.This section does not apply to any of the following:aHemp as defined in section 204A.2, including hemp that is or was produced in this state, or was produced in another state in accordance with the provisions of the federal hemp law as defined in chapter 204A, with a maximum delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration that does not exceed three-tenths of one percent on a dry weight basis.bA hemp product as provided in chapter 204 with a maximum tetrahydrocannabinol concentration, inclusive of any isomers, derivatives, and analogs, whether naturally occurring or synthesized, that does not exceed three-tenths of one percent on a dry weight basis.8Peyote.Nothing in this chapter shall apply to peyote when used in bona fide religious ceremonies of the Native American Church; however, persons supplying the product to the church shall register, maintain appropriate records of receipts and disbursements of peyote, and otherwise comply with all applicable requirements of this chapter and rules adopted pursuant thereto.9Other substances.Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances or their optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers:aFentanyl-related substances. “Fentanyl-related substance” means any substance not otherwise listed under this schedule or another schedule, and for which no exemption or approval is in effect under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that is structurally related to fentanyl by one or more of the following modifications:1Replacement of the phenyl portion of the phenethyl group by any monocycle, whether or not further substituted in or on the monocycle.2Substitution in or on the phenethyl group with alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyl, hydroxyl, halo, haloalkyl, amino, or nitro groups.3Substitution in or on the piperidine ring with alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxyl, ester, ether, hydroxyl, halo, haloalkyl, amino, or nitro groups.4Replacement of the aniline ring with any aromatic monocycle whether or not further substituted in or on the aromatic monocycle.5Replacement of the N-propionyl group by another acyl group.bReserved.c2-(2-(4-butoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-N,N-diethylethan-1-amine and its isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers. Other name: Butonitazene.dReserved.eN,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine and its isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers. Other name: Flunitazene.fN,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine and its isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers. Other name: Metodesnitazene.gReserved.hReserved.iReserved.j4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-alpha][1,4]diazepine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers. Other name: etizolam.k8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-alpha][1,4]diazepine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers. Other name: flualprazolam.l6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-8-nitro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-alpha][1,4]diazepine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers. Other name: clonazolam.m8-bromo-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-alpha][1,4]diazepine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers. Other name: flubromazolam.n7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-one, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers. Other name: diclazepam.oMethyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate. Other name: MDMB-4en-PINACA.pMethyl 2-[[1-(4-fluorobutyl)indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-butanoate. Other names: 4F-MDMB-BUTICA; 4F-MDMB-BICA.qN-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. Other name: ADB-4en-PINACA.r5-Pentyl-2-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-one. Other names: CUMYL-PEGACLONE; SGT-151.sEthyl 2-[[1-(5-fluoropentyl)indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-butanoate. Other names: 5F-EDMB-PICA; 5F-EDMB-2201.tMethyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3-methyl butanoate. Other name: MMB-FUBICA.uN-ethyl-2-(2-(4-isopropoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine, its isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers. Other name: N-desethyl isotonitazene.v2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1-(2-piperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazole, its isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers. Other names: N-piperidinyl etonitazene; etonitazepipne.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.204; 82 Acts, ch 1044, §1, 2]84 Acts, ch 1013, §4 – 8; 85 Acts, ch 86, §1, 2; 86 Acts, ch 1037, §1, 2; 87 Acts, ch 122, §1; 88 Acts, ch 1024, §1; 89 Acts, ch 109, §1, 2; 91 Acts, ch 8, §2C93, §124.20494 Acts, ch 1009, §2 – 8; 2000 Acts, ch 1140, §2 – 4; 2001 Acts, ch 58, §1; 2003 Acts, ch 53, §1 – 3; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §2 – 7; 2007 Acts, ch 10, §9 – 11; 2011 Acts, ch 131, §134 – 136; 2011 Acts, ch 134, §18, 27, 28; 2012 Acts, ch 1021, §122, 123, 141, 145, 146; 2012 Acts, ch 1122, §1, 8, 9, 11; 2014 Acts, ch 1056, §1, 2; 2016 Acts, ch 1081, §1, 2; 2017 Acts, ch 27, §1, 2, 11; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §28; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §28, 31; 2019 Acts, ch 130, §22, 23, 33; 2020 Acts, ch 1023, §2 – 7, 13; 2021 Acts, ch 80, §61, 62; 2021 Acts, ch 93, §1 – 19, 38; 2022 Acts, ch 1049, §1 – 6, 11; 2022 Acts, ch 1153, §7, 20, 21; 2023 Acts, ch 61, §1, 2, 6; 2023 Acts, ch 66, §35, 36; 2024 Acts, ch 1101, §1 – 5, 9; 2024 Acts, ch 1177, §47, 55; 2025 Acts, ch 10, §1 – 4, 10; 2025 Acts, ch 30, §1052022 amendment to subsection 2, paragraph cl applies retroactively to May 2, 2022; 2022 Acts, ch 1153, §21Code editor directive appliedSubsection 2, NEW paragraphs cq, cr, cs, ct, cu, cv, cw, cx, cy, cz, da, db, and dcSubsection 4, NEW paragraphs cn, co, and cpSubsection 9, paragraphs d, h, and i strickenSubsection 9, NEW paragraphs o, p, q, r, s, t, u, and v124.205Substances listed in schedule II — criteria.1The board shall recommend to the general assembly that the general assembly place a substance in schedule II if the substance is not already included therein and the board finds that:aThe substance has high potential for abuse;bThe substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, or currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions; andcAbuse of the substance may lead to severe psychic or physical dependence.2If the board finds that any substance included in schedule II does not meet these criteria, the board shall recommend that the general assembly place the substance in a different schedule or remove the substance from the list of controlled substances, as appropriate.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.205]C93, §124.2052009 Acts, ch 41, §35124.206Schedule II — substances included.1Schedule II consists of the drugs and other substances, by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name designated, listed in this section.2Substances, vegetable origin or chemical synthesis.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following substances whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis:aOpium and opiate, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium or opiate excluding apomorphine, thebaine-derived butorphanol, dextrorphan, nalbuphine, naldemedine, nalmefene, naloxegol, naloxone, 6beta-naltrexol, naltrexone, and samidorphan, and their respective salts, but including the following:1Raw opium.2Opium extracts.3Opium fluid.4Powdered opium.5Granulated opium.6Tincture of opium.7Codeine.8Ethylmorphine.9Etorphine hydrochloride.10Hydrocodone, also known as dihydrocodeinone.11Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone.12Metopon.13Morphine.14Oxycodone.15Oxymorphone.16Thebaine.17Dihydroetorphine.18Oripavine.19Noroxymorphone.bAny salt, compound, derivative or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical with any of the substances referred to in paragraph “a”, except that these substances shall not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.cOpium poppy and poppy straw.dCoca leaves and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of coca leaves, including cocaine and ecgonine and their salts, isomers, derivatives and salts of isomers and derivatives, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof that is chemically equivalent or identical to any of such substances, except that the substances shall not include:1Decocainized coca leaves or extractions of coca leaves, which extractions do not contain cocaine or ecgonine.2[\123\I]ioflupane.3[\18\F]FP-CIT.eConcentrate of poppy straw (the crude extract of poppy straw in either liquid, solid or powder form which contains the phenanthrene alkaloids of the opium poppy).3Opiates.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule any of the following opiates, including its isomers, esters, ethers, salts and salts of isomers, esters and ethers whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation, dextrorphan and levopropoxyphene excepted:aAlphaprodine.bAlfentanyl.cAnileridine.dBezitramide.eBulk dextropropoxyphene (nondosage forms).fCarfentanil.gDihydrocodeine.hDiphenoxylate.iFentanyl.jIsomethadone.kLevomethorphan.lLevorphanol.mMetazocine.nMethadone.oMethadone-Intermediate, 4-cyano-2-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl butane.pMoraide-Intermediate, 2-methyl-3-morpholino-1, 1-diphenylpropane-carboxylic acid.qPethidine (meperidine).rPethidine-Intermediate-A, 4-cyano-1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine.sPethidine-Intermediate-B, ethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate.tPethidine-Intermediate-C, 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid.uPhenazocine.vPiminodine.wRacemethorphan.xRacemorphan.ySufentanil.zLevo-alphacetylmethadol. Some other names: levo-alpha-acetylmethadol,levomethadyl acetate, LAAM.aaRemifentanil.abTapentadol.acThiafentanil.adOliceridine.4Stimulants.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system:aAmphetamine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of its optical isomers.bMethamphetamine, its salts, isomers, and salts of its isomers.cPhenmetrazine and its salts.dMethylphenidate and its salts.eLisdexamfetamine, its salts, isomers, and salts of its isomers.5Depressants.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:aAmobarbital.bGlutethimide.cPentobarbital.dPhencyclidine.eSecobarbital.6Immediate precursors.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances:aPhenylacetone, an immediate precursor to amphetamine and methamphetamine. Some trade or other names: phenyl-2-propanone; P2P; benzyl methyl ketone;methyl benzyl ketone.bImmediate precursors to phencyclidine (PCP):11-phenylcyclohexylamine.21-piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile (PCC).cImmediate precursors to fentanyl:14-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine. Other name: ANPP.2N-phenyl-N-(piperidin-4-yl)propionamide. Other name: norfentanyl.7Hallucinogenic substances.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances:aNabilone. Other name: (+-)-trans-3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-6,6a,7,8,10,10a-hexahydro-1-hydroxy-6, 6-dimethyl-9H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-9-one.bDronabinol [(-)-delta-9-trans tetrahydrocannabinol] in an oral solution in a drug product approved for marketing by the United States food and drug administration.8The board, by rule, may except any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any stimulant listed in subsection 4 from the application of all or any part of this chapter if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, and if the admixtures are included in such combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration as to vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances which have a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.206; 82 Acts, ch 1044, §3, 4]84 Acts, ch 1013, §9; 85 Acts, ch 86, §3, 4; 86 Acts, ch 1037, §3 – 5; 87 Acts, ch 122, §2; 90 Acts, ch 1059, §1, 2; 91 Acts, ch 8, §3C93, §124.20694 Acts, ch 1009, §9, 10; 2000 Acts, ch 1140, §5 – 7; 2003 Acts, ch 53, §4, 5; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §8, 9; 2007 Acts, ch 10, §12, 13; 2008 Acts, ch 1010, §1, 2; 2010 Acts, ch 1046, §1; 2012 Acts, ch 1122, §2; 2017 Acts, ch 27, §3 – 5, 11; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §40; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §29, 31; 2020 Acts, ch 1023, §8, 13; 2021 Acts, ch 93, §20 – 26, 38; 2022 Acts, ch 1049, §7, 11; 2022 Acts, ch 1153, §16, 20, 21; 2024 Acts, ch 1101, §6, 9124.207Substances listed in schedule III — criteria.1The board shall recommend to the general assembly that the general assembly place a substance in schedule III if the substance is not already included therein and the board finds that:aThe substance has a potential for abuse which is less than that of the substances listed in schedules I and II;bThe substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; andcAbuse of the substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.2If the board finds that any substance included in schedule III does not meet these criteria, the board shall recommend that the general assembly place the substance in a different schedule or remove the substance from the list of controlled substances, as appropriate.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.207]C93, §124.2072009 Acts, ch 41, §36124.208Schedule III — substances included.1Schedule III shall consist of the drugs and other substances, by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name designated, listed in this section.2Stimulants.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers (whether optical, positional, or geometric), and salts of such isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:aBenzphetamine.bChlorphentermine.cClortermine.dPhendimetrazine.3Depressants.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system:aAny compound, mixture or preparation containing amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital or any salt thereof and one or more other active medicinal ingredients which are not listed in any schedules.bAny suppository dosage form containing amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital or any salt of any of these drugs and approved by the federal food and drug administration for marketing only as a suppository.cAny substance which contains any quantity of a derivative of barbituric acid or any salt thereof including but not limited to Fioricet.dChlorhexadol.eLysergic acid.fLysergic acid amide.gMethyprylon.hSulfondiethylmethane.iSulfonethylmethane.jSulfonmethane.kTiletamine and zolazepam or any salt thereof, including the following:1Some trade or other names for a tiletamine-zolazepam combination product: Telazol.2Some trade or other names for tiletamine: 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexanone.3Some trade or other names for zolazepam: 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-6,8-dihydro-1,3,8- trimethylpyraxolo-[3,4-e] [1,4]-diazepin-7(1H)-one, flupyrazapon.lKetamine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers. Some other names for ketamine: (+-)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone.mAny drug product containing gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, for which an application is approved under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.nEmbutramide.oPerampanel, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.4Nalorphine.5Narcotic drugs.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule:aAny material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth below:1Not more than one point eight grams of codeine per one hundred milliliters or not more than ninety milligrams per dosage unit, with an equal or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium.2Not more than one point eight grams of codeine per one hundred milliliters or not more than ninety milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.3Not more than one point eight grams of dihydrocodeine per one hundred milliliters or not more than ninety milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.4Not more than three hundred milligrams of ethylmorphine per one hundred milliliters or not more than fifteen milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.5Not more than five hundred milligrams of opium per one hundred milliliters or per one hundred grams or not more than twenty-five milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.6Not more than fifty milligrams of morphine per one hundred milliliters or per one hundred grams, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.bAny material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing the narcotic drug buprenorphine, or its salts.6Anabolic steroids.Unless specifically excepted in subsection 7 or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity of the following substances, including their salts, esters, and ethers:a3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-androstane.b3[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-androstane.c5[alpha]-androstan-3,17-dione.d1-androstenediol(3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-1-ene).e1-androstenediol (3[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-1-ene).f4-androstenediol (3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxy-androst-4-ene).g5-androstenediol (3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxy-androst-5-ene).h1-androstenedione (5[alpha]-androst-1-en-3,17-dione).i4-androstenedione (androst-4-en-3,17-dione).j5-androstenedione (androst-5-en-3,17-dione).kBolasterone (7[alpha],17[alpha]-dimethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one).lBoldenone (17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3-one).mCalusterone (7[beta],17[alpha]-dimethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one).nClostebol (4-chloro-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one).oDehydrochloromethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17[beta]-hydroxy-17[alpha]-methyl-androst-1,4-dien-3-one).p[Delta]1-dihydrotestosterone (also known as 1-testosterone)(17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-1-en-3-one).q4-dihydrotestosterone (17[beta]-hydroxy-androstan-3-one).rDrostanolone (17[beta]-hydroxy-2[alpha]-methyl-5[alpha]-androstan-3-one).sEthylestrenol (17[alpha]-ethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-ene).tFluoxymesterone (9-fluoro-17[alpha]-methyl-11[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one).uFormebolone (2-formyl-17[alpha]-methyl-11[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3-one).vFurazabol (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrostano[2,3-c]furazan).w13[beta]-ethyl-17[beta]-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one.x4-hydroxytestosterone (4,17[beta]-dihydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one).y4-hydroxy-19-nortestosterone (4,17[beta]-dihydroxy-estr-4-en-3-one).zMestanolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androstan-3-one).aaMesterolone (1[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androstan-3-one).abMethandienone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-1,4-dien-3-one).acMethandriol (17[alpha]-methyl-3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxyandrost-5-ene).adMethenolone (1-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-1-en-3-one).ae17[alpha]-methyl-3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-androstane.af17[alpha]-methyl-3[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxy-5[alpha]-androstane.ag17[alpha]-methyl-3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene.ah17[alpha]-methyl-4-hydroxynandrolone (17[alpha]-methyl-4-hydroxy-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one).aiMethyldienolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestra-4,9(10)-dien-3-one).ajMethyltrienolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestra-4,9-11-trien-3-one).akMethyltestosterone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one).alMibolerone (7[alpha],17[alpha]-dimethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one).am17[alpha]-methyl-[Delta]1-dihydrotestosterone (17[beta]-hydroxy-17[alpha]-methyl-5[alpha]-androst-1-en-3-one) (also known as 17-[alpha]-methyl-1-testosterone).anNandrolone (17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one).ao19-nor-4-androstenediol (3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxyestr-4-ene).ap19-nor-4-androstenediol (3[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxyestr-4-ene).aq19-nor-5-androstenediol (3[beta],17[beta]-dihydroxyestr-5-ene).ar19-nor-5-androstenediol (3[alpha],17[beta]-dihydroxyestr-5-ene).as19-nor-4-androstenedione (estr-4-en-3,17-dione).at19-nor-5-androstenedione (estr-5-en-3,17-dione).auNorbolethone (13[beta],17[alpha]-diethyl-17[beta]-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one).avNorclostebol (4-chloro-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one).awNorethandrolone (17[alpha]-ethyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one).axNormethandrolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one).ayOxandrolone (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-2-oxa-5[alpha]-androstan-3-one).azOxymesterone (17[alpha]-methyl-4,17[beta]-dihydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one).baOxymetholone (17[alpha]-methyl-2-hydroxymethylene-17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androstan-3-one).bbStanozolol (17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androst-2-eno[3,2-c]-pyrazole).bcStenbolone (17[beta]-hydroxy-2-methyl-5[alpha]-androst-1-en-3-one).bdTestolactone (13-hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid lactone).beTestosterone (17[beta]-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one).bfTetrahydrogestrinone (13[beta],17[alpha]-diethyl-17[beta]-hydroxygon-4,9,11-trien-3-one).bgTrenbolone (17[beta]-hydroxyestr-4,9,11-trien-3-one).bhBoldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione).biDesoxymethyltestosterone (17[alpha]-methyl-5[alpha]-androst-2-en-17[beta]-ol);also known as madol.bj19-nor-4,9(10)-androstadienedione (estra-4,9(10)-diene-3,17-dione).bkMethasterone (2[alpha],17[alpha]-dimethyl-5[alpha]-androstan-17[beta]-ol-3-one or 2[alpha],17[alpha]-dimethyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androstan-3-one).blProstanozol (17[beta]-hydroxy-5[alpha]-androstano[3,2-c]pyrazole or [3,2-c]pyrazole-5[alpha]-androstan-17[beta]-ol).bm5[alpha]-androstan-3,6,17-trione.bn6-bromo-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione.bo6-bromo-androstan-3,17-dione.bp4-chloro-17[alpha]-methyl-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17[beta]-diol.bq4-chloro-17[alpha]-methyl-androst-4-ene-3[beta],17[beta]-diol.br4-chloro-17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one.bs4-chloro-17[alpha]-methyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,11-dione.bt2[alpha],17[alpha]-dimethyl-17[beta]-hydroxy-5[beta]-androstan-3-one.bu2[alpha],3[alpha]-epithio-17[alpha]-methyl-5[alpha]-androstan-17[beta]-ol.bvestra-4,9,11-triene-3,17-dione.bw[3,2-c]furazan-5[alpha]-androstan-17[beta]-ol.bx18a-homo-3-hydroxy-estra-2,5(10)-dien-17-one.by4-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.bz17[beta]-hydroxy-androstano[2,3-d]isoxazole.ca17[beta]-hydroxy-androstano[3,2-c]isoxazole.cb3[beta]-hydroxy-estra-4,9,11-trien-17-one.cc17[alpha]-methyl-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17[beta]-diol.cd17[alpha]-methyl-5[alpha]-androstan-17[beta]-ol.ce17[alpha]-methyl-androstan-3-hydroxyimine-17[beta]-ol.cf6[alpha]-methyl-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.cg17[alpha]-methyl-androst-2-ene-3,17[beta]-diol.ch[3,2-c]pyrazole-androst-4-en-17[beta]-ol.7Exclusions — anabolic steroids.This section shall not apply to an anabolic steroid that is expressly intended for administration through implants to cattle or other nonhuman species and that has been approved for such administration. A person who prescribes, dispenses, or distributes such steroid for human use shall be considered to have prescribed, dispensed, or distributed an anabolic steroid subject to this section. This section shall not apply to estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids, or dehydroepiandrosterone.8The board by rule may except any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any stimulant or depressant substance listed in subsections 2 and 3 of this section from the application of all or any part of this chapter if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system, and if the admixtures are included therein in such combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration as to vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances which have a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system.9Hallucinogenic substances.aDronabinol (synthetic) in sesame oil and encapsulated in a soft gelatin capsule in a drug product approved for marketing by the United States food and drug administration. Other names: (6aR-trans)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo [b,d]pyran-1-ol; (-)-delta-9-(trans)-tetrahydrocannabinol.bAny drug product in tablet or capsule form containing natural dronabinol (derived from the cannabis plant) or synthetic dronabinol (produced from synthetic materials) for which an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) has been approved by the United States food and drug administration under section 505(j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and which references as its listed drug the drug product identified in paragraph “a”.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.208; 82 Acts, ch 1044, §5]84 Acts, ch 1013, §10; 88 Acts, ch 1024, §2; 91 Acts, ch 8, §4; 91 Acts, ch 37, §1C93, §124.20894 Acts, ch 1009, §11 – 13; 95 Acts, ch 6, §1; 2000 Acts, ch 1140, §8 – 10; 2001 Acts, ch 58, §2; 2003 Acts, ch 53, §6, 7; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §10 – 12; 2008 Acts, ch 1010, §3, 4; 2012 Acts, ch 1122, §3; 2014 Acts, ch 1056, §3, 4; 2017 Acts, ch 27, §6, 11; 2020 Acts, ch 1023, §9, 13; 2021 Acts, ch 93, §27 – 30, 38; 2025 Acts, ch 10, §5, 6, 10; 2025 Acts, ch 30, §105Code editor directive appliedSubsection 6, paragraphs a, h, v, z, aa, am, ay, ba, bb, bc, bk, and bl stricken and rewrittenSubsection 6, NEW paragraphs bm, bn, bo, bp, bq, br, bs, bt, bu, bv, bw, bx, by, bz, ca, cb, cc, cd, ce, cf, cg, and ch124.209Substances listed in schedule IV — criteria.1The board shall recommend to the general assembly that the general assembly place a substance in schedule IV if the substance is not already included therein and the board finds that:aThe substance has a low potential for abuse when compared with the substances listed in schedule III;bThe substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; andcAbuse of the substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence when compared with the substances listed in schedule III.2If the board finds that any substance included in schedule IV does not meet these criteria, the board shall recommend that the general assembly place the substance in a different schedule or remove the substance from the list of controlled substances, as appropriate.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.209]C93, §124.2092009 Acts, ch 41, §37124.210Schedule IV — substances included.1Schedule IV shall consist of the drugs and other substances, by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name designated, listed in this section.2Narcotic drugs.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth below:aNot more than one milligram of difenoxin and not less than twenty-five micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit.bDextropropoxyphene (alpha-(+)-4-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenyl-3-methyl-2-propionoxybutane).c2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol, its salts, optical and geometric isomers and salts of these isomers (including tramadol).3Depressants.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:aAlprazolam.bBarbital.cBromazepam.dCamazepam.eCarisoprodol.fChloral betaine.gChloral hydrate.hChlordiazepoxide.iClobazam.jClonazepam.kClorazepate.lClotiazepam.mCloxazolam.nDelorazepam.oDiazepam.pDichloralphenazone.qEstazolam.rEthchlorvynol.sEthinamate.tEthyl Loflazepate.uFludiazepam.vFlunitrazepam.wFlurazepam.xHalazepam.yHaloxazolam.zKetazolam.aaLoprazolam.abLorazepam.acLormetazepam.adMebutamate.aeMedazepam.afMeprobamate.agMethohexital.ahMethylphenobarbital (mephobarbital).aiMidazolam.ajNimetazepam.akNitrazepam.alNordiazepam.amOxazepam.anOxazolam.aoParaldehyde.apPetrichloral.aqPhenobarbital.arPinazepam.asPrazepam.atQuazepam.auTemazepam.avTetrazepam.awTriazolam.axZaleplon.ayZolpidem.azZopiclone.baFospropofol.bbAlfaxalone.bcSuvorexant.bdBrexanolone.beLemborexant.bfRemimazolam.bgDaridorexant.bhZuranolone.4Lorcaserin.Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of lorcaserin, including its salts, isomers, and salts of such isomers, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible.5Stimulants.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers and salts of isomers:aCathine [(+)-norpseudoephedrine].bDiethylpropion.cFencamfamin.dFenproporex.eMazindol.fMefenorex.gPemoline (including organometallic complexes and chelates thereof).hPhentermine.iPipradrol.jSPA ((-)-1-dimethylamino-1,2-diphenylethane).kModafinil.lSibutramine.mSolriamfetol (2-amino-3-phenylpropyl carbamate; benzenepropanol, beta-amino-, carbamate (ester).nSerdexmethylphenidate.6Other substances.Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances, including its salts:aPentazocine.bButorphanol (including its optical isomers).cEluxadoline (5-[[[(2S)-2-amino-3-[4-aminocarbonyl)-2,6-dimethylphenyl]-1-oxopropyl][(1S)-1-(4-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxybenzoic acid) (including its optical isomers) and its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.[C73, 75, §204.210; C77, 79, 81, §204.208(6c), 204.210; 82 Acts, ch 1044, §6 – 10]84 Acts, ch 1013, §11; 85 Acts, ch 86, §5; 87 Acts, ch 122, §3; 89 Acts, ch 109, §3C93, §124.21094 Acts, ch 1009, §14, 15; 2000 Acts, ch 1140, §11 – 14; 2002 Acts, ch 1108, §1; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §13, 14; 2010 Acts, ch 1046, §2; 2012 Acts, ch 1122, §4; 2014 Acts, ch 1056, §5; 2017 Acts, ch 27, §7 – 9, 11; 2020 Acts, ch 1023, §10, 11, 13; 2021 Acts, ch 93, §31, 38; 2022 Acts, ch 1049, §8, 11; 2023 Acts, ch 61, §3, 6; 2024 Acts, ch 1101, §7, 9; 2025 Acts, ch 10, §7, 10Subsection 3, NEW paragraph bh124.211Schedule V — criteria.1The board shall recommend to the general assembly that the general assembly place a substance in schedule V if any substance is not already included therein and the board finds that:aThe substance has a low potential for abuse when compared with the substances listed in schedule IV;bThe substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; andcThe substance has limited physical dependence or psychological dependence liability when compared with the controlled substances listed in schedule IV.2If the board finds that any substance included in schedule V does not meet these criteria, the board shall recommend that the general assembly place the substance in a different schedule or remove the substance from the list of controlled substances, as appropriate.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.211]C93, §124.2112009 Acts, ch 41, §38124.212Schedule V — substances included.1Schedule V shall consist of the drugs and other substances, by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name designated, listed in this section.2Narcotic drugs containing nonnarcotic active medicinal ingredients.Any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs, or their salts calculated as the free anhydrous base or alkaloid, in limited quantities as set forth below, which shall include one or more nonnarcotic active medicinal ingredients in sufficient proportion to confer upon the compound, mixture, or preparation valuable medicinal qualities other than those possessed by narcotic drugs alone:aNot more than two hundred milligrams of codeine per one hundred milliliters or per one hundred grams.bNot more than one hundred milligrams of dihydrocodeine per one hundred milliliters or per one hundred grams.cNot more than one hundred milligrams of ethylmorphine per one hundred milliliters or per one hundred grams.dNot more than two point five milligrams of diphenoxylate and not less than twenty-five micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit.eNot more than one hundred milligrams of opium per one hundred milliliters or per one hundred grams.fNot more than point five milligram of difenoxin and not less than twenty-five micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit.3Stimulants.Unless specifically exempted or excluded or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of pyrovalerone, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.4Precursors to amphetamine and methamphetamine.Unless specifically excepted in paragraph “d” or “e” or listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following precursors to amphetamine or methamphetamine, including their salts, optical isomers, and salts of their optical isomers:aEphedrine.bPhenylpropanolamine.cPseudoephedrine. A person shall present a government-issued photo identification card when purchasing a pseudoephedrine product from a pharmacy. A person shall not purchase a quantity of pseudoephedrine in violation of section 124.213 from a pharmacy, unless the person has a prescription for a pseudoephedrine product in excess of that quantity. A pseudoephedrine product not excepted from this schedule shall be sold by a pharmacy as provided in section 124.212A.dAny product that contains three hundred sixty milligrams or less of pseudoephedrine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of its optical isomers, which is in liquid, liquid capsule, or liquid-filled gel capsule form, is excepted from this schedule and may be warehoused, distributed, and sold over the counter pursuant to section 126.23A.eA pseudoephedrine product warehoused by a distributor located in this state which is warehoused for export to a retailer outside this state is excepted from this schedule. A distributor warehousing and exporting a pseudoephedrine product shall register with the board and comply with any rules adopted by the board and relating to the diversion of pseudoephedrine products from legitimate commerce.5Depressants.Unless specifically exempted or excluded or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that contains any quantity of any of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including salts of such substances:aEzogabine [N-[2-amino-4(4-fluorobenzylamino)-phenyl]-carbamic acid ethyl ester].bLacosamide [(R)-2-acetoamido-N-benzyl-3-methoxy-propionamide].cPregabalin [(S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid].dBrivaracetam ((2S)-2-[(4R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidin-1-yl] butanamide), including its salts. Other names: BRV, UCB-34714, Briviact.eCenobamate. Other names: [(1R)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl] carbamate; 2H-tetrazole-2-ethanol, alpha-(2-chlorphenyl)-, carbamate (ester), (alphaR)-; carbamic acid (R)-(+)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2H-tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl ester.fLasmiditan [2,4,6-trifluoro-N-(6-(1-methylpiperine-4-carbonyl)pyridine-2-yl-benzamide].gGanaxolone (3alpha-hydroxy-3beta-methyl-5alpha-pregnan-20-one).[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.212]84 Acts, ch 1013, §12; 85 Acts, ch 86, §6; 89 Acts, ch 109, §4C93, §124.21294 Acts, ch 1009, §16, 17; 97 Acts, ch 77, §1; 2000 Acts, ch 1140, §15, 16; 2003 Acts, ch 53, §8; 2005 Acts, ch 15, §1, 14; 2005 Acts, ch 179, §56; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §15, 16; 2009 Acts, ch 25, §2; 2010 Acts, ch 1046, §3; 2012 Acts, ch 1122, §5; 2017 Acts, ch 27, §10, 11; 2020 Acts, ch 1023, §12, 13; 2021 Acts, ch 93, §32 – 34, 38; 2022 Acts, ch 1049, §9, 11; 2023 Acts, ch 61, §4, 6124.212APharmacy pseudoephedrine sale — restrictions — records — contingent applicability.A pharmacy, an employee of a pharmacy, or a licensed pharmacist shall do the following:1Provide for the sale of a pseudoephedrine product from a locked cabinet or behind the sales counter where the public is unable to reach the product and where the public is not permitted.2Require the purchaser to present a government-issued photo identification card identifying the purchaser prior to purchasing a pseudoephedrine product.3Provide an electronic logbook for purchasers of pseudoephedrine products to sign.4Require the purchaser to sign the electronic logbook. If the electronic logbook is not available, require a signature that is associated with a transaction number.5Enter the purchaser’s name, address, date of purchase, time of purchase, name of the pseudoephedrine product purchased, and the quantity sold in the electronic logbook. If the electronic logbook is unavailable, an alternative record shall be kept that complies with the rules adopted by both the office and the board.6Determine that the signature in the electronic logbook corresponds with the name on the government-issued photo identification card.7Provide notice that a purchaser entering a false statement or misrepresentation in the electronic logbook may subject the purchaser to criminal penalties under 18 U.S.C. §1001.8Keep electronic logbook records and any other records obtained from pseudoephedrine purchases if the electronic logbook is unavailable for twenty-four months from the date of the last entry.9Disclose electronic logbook information and any other pseudoephedrine purchase records as provided by state and federal law.10Comply with training requirements pursuant to federal law.2009 Acts, ch 25, §3, 9; 2010 Acts, ch 1061, §23124.212BPseudoephedrine sales — tracking — penalty.1The office shall establish a real-time electronic repository to monitor and control the sale of schedule V products containing any detectable amount of pseudoephedrine, its salts, or optical isomers, or salts of optical isomers; ephedrine; or phenylpropanolamine. A pharmacy dispensing such products shall report all such sales electronically to a central repository under the control of the office.2The information collected in the central repository is confidential unless otherwise ordered by a court, or released by the lawful custodian of the records pursuant to state or federal law.3A pharmacy, an employee of a pharmacy, or a licensed pharmacist shall not be provided access to the stored information in the electronic central repository. However, a pharmacy, an employee of a pharmacy, or a licensed pharmacist shall be provided access to the stored information for the limited purpose of determining what sales have been made by the pharmacy. A pharmacy, an employee of a pharmacy, or a licensed pharmacist shall not be given the obligation or duty to view the stored information.4A pharmacy, or an employee of a pharmacy, or a licensed pharmacist shall not be given the obligation or duty to seek information from the central repository if the real-time electronic logbook becomes unavailable for use.5If the electronic logbook is unavailable for use, a paper record for each sale shall be maintained including the purchaser’s signature. Any paper record maintained by the pharmacy shall be provided to the office for inclusion in the electronic real-time central repository as soon as practicable.6A pharmacy, or an employee of a pharmacy, or a licensed pharmacist shall not be liable, if acting reasonably and in good faith, to any person for any claim which may arise when reporting sales of products enumerated in subsection 1 to the central repository.7A person who discloses information stored in the central repository in violation of this section commits a simple misdemeanor.8Both the office and the board shall adopt rules to administer this section.9The office shall report to the board on an annual basis, beginning January 1, 2010, regarding the repository, including the effectiveness of the repository in discovering unlawful sales of pseudoephedrine products.2009 Acts, ch 25, §4, 9; 2010 Acts, ch 1069, §13124.212CPseudoephedrine advisory council — electronic monitoring.Repealed by 2013 Acts, ch 68, §2.124.213Pseudoephedrine purchase restrictions from pharmacy or retailer — penalty.1A person shall not purchase more than three thousand six hundred milligrams of pseudoephedrine, either separately or collectively, within a twenty-four-hour period from a pharmacy, or more than one package of a product containing pseudoephedrine within a twenty-four-hour period from a retailer in violation of section 126.23A.2A person shall not purchase more than seven thousand five hundred milligrams of pseudoephedrine, either separately or collectively, within a thirty-day period from a pharmacy or from a retailer in violation of section 126.23A.3A person who violates this section commits a serious misdemeanor.2005 Acts, ch 15, §2, 14; 2009 Acts, ch 25, §6124.214Reserved.Reserved.124.215Reserved.Reserved.124.216Reserved.Reserved.124.217Reserved.Reserved.124.218Reserved.Reserved.124.219Reserved.Reserved.124.220Reserved.Reserved.124.221Reserved.Reserved.124.222Reserved.Reserved.124.223Reserved.Reserved.124.224Reserved.Reserved.124.225Reserved.Reserved.124.226Reserved.Reserved.124.227Reserved.Reserved.124.228Reserved.Reserved.124.229Reserved.Reserved.124.230Reserved.Reserved.124.231Reserved.Reserved.124.232Reserved.Reserved.124.233Reserved.Reserved.124.234Reserved.Reserved.124.235Reserved.Reserved.124.236Reserved.Reserved.124.237Reserved.Reserved.124.238Reserved.Reserved.124.239Reserved.Reserved.124.240Reserved.Reserved.124.241Reserved.Reserved.124.242Reserved.Reserved.124.243Reserved.Reserved.124.244Reserved.Reserved.124.245Reserved.Reserved.124.246Reserved.Reserved.124.247Reserved.Reserved.124.248Reserved.Reserved.124.249Reserved.Reserved.124.250Reserved.Reserved.124.251Reserved.Reserved.124.252Reserved.Reserved.124.253Reserved.Reserved.124.254Reserved.Reserved.124.255Reserved.Reserved.124.256Reserved.Reserved.124.257Reserved.Reserved.124.258Reserved.Reserved.124.259Reserved.Reserved.124.260Reserved.Reserved.124.261Reserved.Reserved.124.262Reserved.Reserved.124.263Reserved.Reserved.124.264Reserved.Reserved.124.265Reserved.Reserved.124.266Reserved.Reserved.124.267Reserved.Reserved.124.268Reserved.Reserved.124.269Reserved.Reserved.124.270Reserved.Reserved.124.271Reserved.Reserved.124.272Reserved.Reserved.124.273Reserved.Reserved.124.274Reserved.Reserved.124.275Reserved.Reserved.124.276Reserved.Reserved.124.277Reserved.Reserved.124.278Reserved.Reserved.124.279Reserved.Reserved.124.280Reserved.Reserved.124.281Reserved.Reserved.124.282Reserved.Reserved.124.283Reserved.Reserved.124.284Reserved.Reserved.124.285Reserved.Reserved.124.286Reserved.Reserved.124.287Reserved.Reserved.124.288Reserved.Reserved.124.289Reserved.Reserved.124.290Reserved.Reserved.124.291Reserved.Reserved.124.292Reserved.Reserved.124.293Reserved.Reserved.124.294Reserved.Reserved.124.295Reserved.Reserved.124.296Reserved.Reserved.124.297Reserved.Reserved.124.298Reserved.Reserved.124.299Reserved.Reserved.124.300Reserved.Reserved.IIIREGULATION OF MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, AND DISPENSING OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES124.301Rules.The board may, subject to chapter 17A, promulgate rules and charge reasonable fees relating to the registration and control of the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances within this state.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.301]C93, §124.301124.302Registration requirements.1Every person who manufactures, distributes, dispenses, or conducts research with any controlled substance in this state or who proposes to engage in the manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of or conducting research with any controlled substance within this state, shall obtain and maintain a registration issued by the board in accordance with the board’s rules.2Persons registered by the board under this chapter to manufacture, distribute, dispense, or conduct research with controlled substances may possess, manufacture, distribute, dispense, or conduct research with those substances to the extent authorized by their registration and in conformity with the other provisions of this subchapter.3The following persons need not register and may lawfully possess controlled substances under this chapter:aAn agent or employee of any registered manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser of any controlled substance if the agent or employee is acting in the usual course of the agent’s or employee’s business or employment.bA common or contract carrier or warehouse operator, or an employee thereof, whose possession of any controlled substance is in the usual course of business or employment.cAn ultimate user or a person in possession of any controlled substance pursuant to a lawful order of a practitioner or in possession of a schedule V substance.4A separate registration is required for each principal place of business or professional practice where the applicant manufactures, distributes, dispenses, or conducts research with controlled substances.5The board may inspect the establishment of a registrant or applicant for registration in accordance with the board’s rules.[C24, 27, 31, 35, §3155; C39, §3169.03, 3169.12; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, §204.03, 204.12; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.302]91 Acts, ch 233, §5C93, §124.3022017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §24; 2019 Acts, ch 59, §47124.303Registration.1The board shall register an applicant to manufacture or distribute controlled substances included in sections 124.204, 124.206, 124.208, 124.210 and 124.212 unless it determines that the issuance of that registration would be inconsistent with the public interest. In determining the public interest, the board shall consider all of the following factors:aMaintenance of effective controls against diversion of controlled substances into other than legitimate medical, scientific, or industrial channels.bCompliance with applicable state and local law.cAny convictions of the applicant under any federal and state laws relating to any controlled substance.dPast experience in the manufacture or distribution of controlled substances, and the existence in the applicant’s establishment of effective controls against diversion.eFurnishing by the applicant of false or fraudulent material in any application filed under this chapter.fSuspension or revocation of the applicant’s federal registration to manufacture, distribute, or dispense controlled substances as authorized by federal law.gAny other factors relevant to and consistent with the public health and safety.2Registration under subsection 1 of this section does not entitle a registrant to manufacture and distribute controlled substances in schedule I or II other than those specified in the registration.3Practitioners shall be registered to dispense any controlled substances or to conduct research with controlled substances in schedules II through V if they are authorized to dispense or conduct research under the law of this state. The board need not require separate registration under this subchapter for practitioners engaging in research with nonnarcotic controlled substances in schedules II through V where the registrant is already registered under this subchapter in another capacity. Practitioners registered under federal law to conduct research with schedule I substances may conduct research in schedule I substances within this state upon furnishing the board evidence of the federal registration.4Compliance by manufacturers and distributors with the provisions of the federal law respecting registration, excluding fees, entitles them to be registered under this chapter.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.303]C93, §124.3032017 Acts, ch 54, §76124.304Revocation, suspension, or restriction of registration.1The board may suspend, revoke, or restrict a registration under section 124.303, or otherwise discipline a registrant, upon a finding that any of the following apply to the registrant:aThe registrant has furnished false or fraudulent material information in any application filed under this chapter or any other chapter which applies to the registrant or the registrant’s practice.bThe registrant has had the registrant’s federal registration to manufacture, distribute, dispense, or conduct research with controlled substances suspended, revoked, or restricted.cThe registrant has been convicted of a public offense under any state or federal law relating to any controlled substance. For the purpose of this section only, a conviction shall include a plea of guilty, a forfeiture of bail or collateral deposited to secure a defendant’s appearance in court which forfeiture has not been vacated, or a finding of guilt in a criminal action even though the entry of the judgment or sentence has been withheld and the individual placed on probation.dThe registrant has committed such acts as would render the registrant’s registration under section 124.303 inconsistent with the public interest as determined under that section.eIf the registrant is a licensed health care professional, the registrant has had the registrant’s professional license revoked or suspended or has been otherwise disciplined in a way that restricts the registrant’s authority to handle or prescribe controlled substances.2The board may limit revocation, suspension, or restriction of a registration or discipline of a registrant to the particular controlled substance with respect to which grounds for revocation, suspension, restriction, or discipline exist.3If the board suspends, revokes, or restricts a registration, or otherwise disciplines a registrant, all controlled substances owned or possessed by the registrant at the time of the suspension, revocation, restriction, or discipline, or at the time of the effective date of the order, may be placed under seal. No disposition may be made of substances under seal until the time for taking an appeal has elapsed or until all appeals have been concluded unless a court, upon application, orders the sale of perishable substances and the deposit of the proceeds of the sale with the court. Upon an order becoming final, all such controlled substances may be forfeited to the state.4The board shall promptly notify the bureau and the department of all orders suspending, revoking, or restricting a registration, or otherwise disciplining a registrant.[C39, §3169.04; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, §204.4; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.304]91 Acts, ch 233, §6C93, §124.3042003 Acts, ch 53, §9; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §25, 26124.305Contested case proceedings.1Prior to suspending, restricting, or revoking a registration, refusing a renewal of registration, or otherwise disciplining a registrant, the board shall serve upon the registrant a notice in accordance with section 17A.12, subsection 1. The proceedings shall comply with the contested case procedures in accordance with chapter 17A. The proceedings shall also be conducted without regard to any criminal prosecution or other proceeding. Proceedings to refuse renewal of registration shall not abate the existing registration which shall remain in effect pending the outcome of the administrative hearing.2The board may suspend any registration while simultaneously pursuing emergency adjudicative proceedings in accordance with section 17A.18A, if it finds that there is an imminent danger to the public health or safety which warrants this action. The suspension shall continue in effect until the conclusion of the proceedings, including judicial review thereof, under the provisions of the Iowa administrative procedure Act, chapter 17A, unless sooner withdrawn by the board or dissolved by the order of the district court or an appellate court.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.305]C93, §124.3052003 Acts, ch 44, §114; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §27124.306Records of registrants.1aPersons registered to manufacture, distribute, dispense, or administer controlled substances under this chapter shall keep records and maintain inventories in conformance with the recordkeeping and inventory requirements of federal law and with such additional rules as may be issued by the board. A practitioner who engages in dispensing any controlled substance to the practitioner’s patients shall keep records of receipt and disbursements of such drugs, including dispensing or other disposition, and information as to controlled substances stolen, lost, or destroyed. In every such case the records of controlled substance received shall show the date of receipt, the name and address of the person from whom received, and the kind and quantity of drugs received. The record of all controlled substances dispensed or otherwise disposed of shall show the date of dispensing, the name and address of the person to whom or for whose use, or the owner and species of animal for which the drugs were dispensed and the kind and quantity of drugs dispensed.bEvery such record shall be kept for a period of two years from the date of the transaction recorded. Records of controlled substances lost, destroyed, or stolen, shall contain a detailed list of the kind and quantity of such drugs and the date of the discovery of such loss, destruction, or theft.2No person shall distribute complimentary packages of controlled substances to a practitioner unless that person prepares and leaves with the practitioner a specific written list of the items so distributed. This list shall be prepared on a form prescribed by rules promulgated by the board, and the person who distributes the items listed shall send a copy of the list to the board as soon as practicable after distribution of the complimentary packages to the practitioner.[C39, §3169.09; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, §204.9; C71, §204.9, 204A.4; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.306]C93, §124.3062017 Acts, ch 54, §28124.307Order forms.Controlled substances in schedules I and II shall be distributed by a registrant to another registrant only pursuant to an order form. Compliance with the provisions of federal law respecting order forms shall be deemed compliance with this section.[C24, 27, 31, 35, §3154, 3155; C39, §3169.05; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 71, §204.5; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.307]C93, §124.307124.308Prescriptions.1Except when dispensed directly by a practitioner to an ultimate user, a prescription drug as defined in section 155A.3 that is a controlled substance shall not be dispensed without a prescription. The prescription must be authorized by a practitioner and must comply with this section, section 155A.27, applicable federal law and regulation, and rules of the board.2aBeginning January 1, 2020, every prescription issued for a controlled substance shall be transmitted electronically as an electronic prescription pursuant to the requirements in subsection 2, paragraph “b”, unless exempt under subsection 2, paragraph “c”.bExcept for prescriptions identified in paragraph “c”, a prescription that is transmitted pursuant to paragraph “a” shall be transmitted to a pharmacy by a practitioner or the practitioner’s authorized agent in compliance with federal law and regulation for electronic prescriptions of controlled substances. The practitioner’s electronic prescription system and the receiving pharmacy’s dispensing system shall comply with federal law and regulation for electronic prescriptions of controlled substances.cParagraph “b” shall not apply to any of the following:1A prescription for a patient residing in a nursing home, long-term care facility, correctional facility, or jail.2A prescription authorized by a licensed veterinarian.3A prescription dispensed by a department of veterans affairs pharmacy.4A prescription requiring information that makes electronic submission impractical, such as complicated or lengthy directions for use or attachments.5A prescription for a compounded preparation containing two or more components.6A prescription issued in response to a public health emergency in a situation where a non-patient specific prescription would be permitted.7A prescription issued pursuant to an established and valid collaborative practice agreement, standing order, or drug research protocol.8A prescription issued during a temporary technical or electronic failure at the practitioner’s or pharmacy’s location, provided that a prescription issued pursuant to this subparagraph shall indicate on the prescription that the practitioner or pharmacy is experiencing a temporary technical or electronic failure.9A prescription issued in an emergency situation pursuant to federal law and regulation rules of the board.dA practitioner, as defined in section 124.101, subsection 27, paragraph “a”, who violates paragraph “a” is subject to an administrative penalty of two hundred fifty dollars per violation, up to a maximum of five thousand dollars per calendar year. The assessment of an administrative penalty pursuant to this paragraph by the appropriate licensing board of the practitioner alleged to have violated paragraph “a” shall not be considered a disciplinary action or reported as discipline. A practitioner may appeal the assessment of an administrative penalty pursuant to this paragraph, which shall initiate a contested case proceeding under chapter 17A. A penalty collected pursuant to this paragraph shall be deposited into the drug information program fund established pursuant to section 124.557. The board shall be notified of any administrative penalties assessed by the appropriate professional licensing board and deposited into the drug information program fund under this paragraph.eA pharmacist who receives a written, oral, or facsimile prescription shall not be required to verify that the prescription is subject to an exception under paragraph “c” and may dispense a prescription drug pursuant to an otherwise valid written, oral, or facsimile prescription. However, a pharmacist shall exercise professional judgment in identifying and reporting suspected violations of this section to the board or the appropriate professional licensing board of the practitioner.3A prescription issued prior to January 1, 2020, or a prescription that is exempt from the electronic prescription requirement in subsection 2, paragraph “c”, may be transmitted by a practitioner or the practitioner’s authorized agent to a pharmacy in any of the following ways:aElectronically, if transmitted in accordance with the requirements for electronic prescriptions pursuant to subsection 2.bBy facsimile for a schedule III, IV, or V controlled substance, or for a schedule II controlled substance only pursuant to federal law and regulation and rules of the board.cOrally for a schedule III, IV, or V controlled substance, or for a schedule II controlled substance only in an emergency situation pursuant to federal regulation and rules of the board.dBy providing an original signed prescription to a patient or a patient’s authorized representative. 4If permitted by federal law and in accordance with federal requirements, an electronic or facsimile prescription shall serve as the original signed prescription and the practitioner shall not provide a patient, a patient’s authorized representative, or the dispensing pharmacy with a signed, written prescription. An original signed prescription shall be retained for a minimum of two years from the date of the latest dispensing or refill of the prescription.5A prescription for a schedule II controlled substance shall not be filled more than six months after the date of issuance. A prescription for a schedule II controlled substance shall not be refilled.6A prescription for a schedule III, IV, or V controlled substance shall not be filled or refilled more than six months after the date on which the prescription was issued or be refilled more than five times.7A controlled substance shall not be distributed or dispensed other than for a medical purpose.8A practitioner, medical group, or pharmacy that is unable to timely comply with the electronic prescribing requirements in subsection 2, paragraph “b”, may petition the board for an exemption from the requirements based upon economic hardship, technical limitations that the practitioner, medical group, or pharmacy cannot control, or other exceptional circumstances. The board shall adopt rules establishing the form and specific information to be included in a request for an exemption and the specific criteria to be considered by the board in determining whether to approve a request for an exemption. The board may approve an exemption for a period of time determined by the board not to exceed one year from the date of approval, and may be renewed annually upon request subject to board approval.[C39, §3169.06; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, §204.6; C71, §204.6, 204A.7; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.308]87 Acts, ch 215, §44C93, §124.3082004 Acts, ch 1036, §2, 3; 2005 Acts, ch 3, §29; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §17; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §10; 2019 Acts, ch 59, §48Drug dispensing and prescriptions, see §147.107, 205.3 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AND PENALTIES124.401Prohibited acts — manufacture, delivery, possession — counterfeit substances, simulated controlled substances, imitation controlled substances — penalties.1Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any person to manufacture, deliver, or possess with the intent to manufacture or deliver, a controlled substance, a counterfeit substance, a simulated controlled substance, or an imitation controlled substance, or to act with, enter into a common scheme or design with, or conspire with one or more other persons to manufacture, deliver, or possess with the intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance, a counterfeit substance, a simulated controlled substance, or an imitation controlled substance.aViolation of this subsection, with respect to the following controlled substances, counterfeit substances, simulated controlled substances, or imitation controlled substances, is a class “B” felony, and notwithstanding section 902.9, subsection 1, paragraph “b”, shall be punished by confinement for no more than fifty years and a fine of not more than one million dollars:1More than one hundred grams of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of heroin.2More than five hundred grams of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of any of the following:aCoca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine, and derivatives of ecgonine and their salts have been removed.bCocaine, its salts, optical and geometric isomers, or salts of isomers.cEcgonine, its derivatives, their salts, isomers, or salts of isomers.dAny compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any of the substances referred to in subparagraph divisions (a) through (c).3More than two hundred grams of a mixture or substance described in subparagraph (2) which contains cocaine base.4More than one hundred grams of phencyclidine (PCP) or one kilogram or more of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of phencyclidine (PCP).5More than ten grams of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).6More than one thousand kilograms of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of marijuana.7More than five kilograms of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of any of the following:aMethamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers.bAmphetamine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.cAny compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any of the substances referred to in subparagraph divisions (a) and (b).8More than ten kilograms of a mixture or substance containing any detectable amount of those substances identified in section 124.204, subsection 9, except for a mixture or substance containing any detectable amount of fentanyl or any fentanyl-related substance identified in section 124.204, subsection 9.9More than fifty grams of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of fentanyl or any fentanyl-related substance identified in section 124.204, subsection 9.bViolation of this subsection with respect to the following controlled substances, counterfeit substances, simulated controlled substances, or imitation controlled substances is a class “B” felony, and in addition to the provisions of section 902.9, subsection 1, paragraph “b”, shall be punished by a fine of not less than five thousand dollars nor more than one hundred thousand dollars:1More than five grams but not more than one hundred grams of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of heroin.2More than one hundred grams but not more than five hundred grams of any of the following:aCoca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine, and derivatives of ecgonine and their salts have been removed.bCocaine, its salts, optical and geometric isomers, or salts of isomers.cEcgonine, its derivatives, their salts, isomers, or salts of isomers.dAny compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any of the substances referred to in subparagraph divisions (a) through (c).3More than forty grams but not more than two hundred grams of a mixture or substance described in subparagraph (2) which contains cocaine base.4More than ten grams but not more than one hundred grams of phencyclidine (PCP) or more than one hundred grams but not more than one kilogram of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of phencyclidine (PCP).5Not more than ten grams of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).6More than one hundred kilograms but not more than one thousand kilograms of marijuana.7More than five grams but not more than five kilograms of methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, or analogs of methamphetamine, or any compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity or detectable amount of methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, or analogs of methamphetamine.8More than five grams but not more than five kilograms of amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, or any compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity or detectable amount of amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers.9More than five kilograms but not more than ten kilograms of a mixture or substance containing any detectable amount of those substances identified in section 124.204, subsection 9.10More than five grams but not more than fifty grams of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of fentanyl or any fentanyl-related substance identified in section 124.204, subsection 9.cViolation of this subsection with respect to the following controlled substances, counterfeit substances, simulated controlled substances, or imitation controlled substances is a class “C” felony, and in addition to the provisions of section 902.9, subsection 1, paragraph “d”, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one thousand dollars nor more than fifty thousand dollars:1Five grams or less of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of heroin.2One hundred grams or less of any of the following:aCoca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine, and derivatives of ecgonine and their salts have been removed.bCocaine, its salts, optical and geometric isomers, or salts of isomers.cEcgonine, its derivatives, their salts, isomers, or salts of isomers.dAny compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any of the substances referred to in subparagraph divisions (a) through (c).3Forty grams or less of a mixture or substance described in subparagraph (2) which contains cocaine base.4Ten grams or less of phencyclidine (PCP) or one hundred grams or less of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of phencyclidine (PCP).5More than fifty kilograms but not more than one hundred kilograms of marijuana.6Five grams or less of methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, or analogs of methamphetamine, or any compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity or detectable amount of methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, or analogs of methamphetamine.7Five grams or less of amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers, or any compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity or detectable amount of amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of isomers.8Five kilograms or less of a mixture or substance containing any detectable amount of those substances identified in section 124.204, subsection 9.9Any other controlled substance, counterfeit substance, simulated controlled substance, or imitation controlled substance classified in schedule I, II, or III, except as provided in paragraph “d”.10Five grams or less of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of fentanyl or any fentanyl-related substance identified in section 124.204, subsection 9.dViolation of this subsection, with respect to any other controlled substances, counterfeit substances, simulated controlled substances, or imitation controlled substances classified in schedule IV or V is an aggravated misdemeanor. However, violation of this subsection involving fifty kilograms or less of marijuana or involving flunitrazepam is a class “D” felony.eA person in the immediate possession or control of a firearm while participating in a violation of this subsection shall be sentenced to two times the term otherwise imposed by law, and no such judgment, sentence, or part thereof shall be deferred or suspended.fA person in the immediate possession or control of an offensive weapon, as defined in section 724.1, while participating in a violation of this subsection, shall be sentenced to three times the term otherwise imposed by law, and no such judgment, sentence, or part thereof shall be deferred or suspended.gA person who causes the death of another person while participating in a violation of this subsection and who is not entitled to protection under section 124.418, shall be sentenced to three times the term otherwise imposed by law, and no such judgment, sentence, or part thereof shall be deferred or suspended.hA person who causes serious bodily injury to another person while participating in a violation of this subsection and who is not entitled to protection under section 124.418, shall be sentenced to two times the term otherwise imposed by law, and no such judgment, sentence, or part thereof shall be deferred or suspended.iFor purposes of this subsection, a person causes the death or serious injury of another person when the controlled substance contributes to the other person’s death or serious injury.jA person who causes the death of another person or who causes serious bodily injury to another person as described in paragraphs “g” and “h” may be charged criminally in either the county where the controlled substance violation occurred or in the county where the death or serious bodily injury occurred. Notwithstanding section 803.3, subsection 1, if two prosecuting agencies are seeking to file criminal charges, the agency in the county where the controlled substance violation occurred shall have the primary right to proceed with prosecution of the offender.2If the same person commits two or more acts which are in violation of subsection 1 and the acts occur in approximately the same location or time period so that the acts can be attributed to a single scheme, plan, or conspiracy, the acts may be considered a single violation and the weight of the controlled substances, counterfeit substances, simulated controlled substances, or imitation controlled substances involved may be combined for purposes of charging the offender.3It is unlawful for any person to sell, distribute, or make available any product containing ephedrine, its salts, optical isomers, salts of optical isomers, or analogs of ephedrine, or pseudoephedrine, its salts, optical isomers, salts of optical isomers, or analogs of pseudoephedrine, if the person knows, or should know, that the product may be used as a precursor to any illegal substance or an intermediary to any controlled substance. A person who violates this subsection commits a serious misdemeanor.4A person who possesses any product containing any of the following commits a class “D” felony, if the person possesses with the intent that the product be used to manufacture any controlled substance:aEphedrine, its salts, optical isomers, salts of optical isomers, or analogs of ephedrine.bPseudoephedrine, its salts, optical isomers, salts of optical isomers, or analogs of pseudoephedrine.cEthyl ether.dAnhydrous ammonia.eRed phosphorus.fLithium.gIodine.hThionyl chloride.iChloroform.jPalladium.kPerchloric acid.lTetrahydrofuran.mAmmonium chloride.nMagnesium sulfate.oSodium hydroxide.pAmmonia nitrate.qAmmonia sulfate.rLight or medium petroleum distillates.5aIt is unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally to possess a controlled substance unless such substance was obtained directly from, or pursuant to, a valid prescription or order of a practitioner while acting in the course of the practitioner’s professional practice, or except as otherwise authorized by this chapter. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a serious misdemeanor for a first offense. A person who commits a violation of this subsection and who has previously been convicted of violating this chapter or chapter 124B or 453B, or chapter 124A as it existed prior to July 1, 2017, is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor. A person who commits a violation of this subsection and has previously been convicted two or more times of violating this chapter or chapter 124B or 453B, or chapter 124A as it existed prior to July 1, 2017, is guilty of a class “D” felony.bIf the controlled substance is marijuana, the punishment shall be by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than six months or by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment for a first offense. If the controlled substance is marijuana and the person has been previously convicted of a violation of this subsection in which the controlled substance was marijuana, the punishment shall be as provided in section 903.1, subsection 1, paragraph “b”. If the controlled substance is marijuana and the person has been previously convicted two or more times of a violation of this subsection in which the controlled substance was marijuana, the person is guilty of an aggravated misdemeanor.cA person may knowingly or intentionally recommend, possess, use, dispense, deliver, transport, or administer cannabidiol if the recommendation, possession, use, dispensing, delivery, transporting, or administering is in accordance with the provisions of chapter 124E. For purposes of this paragraph, “cannabidiol” means the same as defined in section 124E.2.dAll or any part of a sentence imposed pursuant to this subsection may be suspended and the person placed upon probation upon such terms and conditions as the court may impose including the active participation by such person in a drug treatment, rehabilitation or education program approved by the court.eIf a person commits a violation of this subsection, the court shall order the person to serve a term of imprisonment of not less than forty-eight hours. Any sentence imposed may be suspended, and the court shall place the person on probation upon such terms and conditions as the court may impose. If the person is not sentenced to confinement under the custody of the director of the department of corrections, the terms and conditions of probation shall require submission to random drug testing. If the person fails a drug test, the court may transfer the person’s placement to any appropriate placement permissible under the court order.fIf the controlled substance is amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers, or methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers, the court shall order the person to serve a term of imprisonment of not less than forty-eight hours. Any sentence imposed may be suspended, and the court shall place the person on probation upon such terms and conditions as the court may impose. The court may place the person on intensive probation. However, the terms and conditions of probation shall require submission to random drug testing. If the person fails a drug test, the court may transfer the person’s placement to any appropriate placement permissible under the court order.6Notwithstanding any other provision in this section to the contrary, a person may produce, possess, use, harvest, handle, manufacture, market, transport, deliver, or distribute any of the following:aHemp that is hemp seed, including hemp seed delivered for planting at a lot by a USDA licensee or hemp that is or was produced at a lot by a USDA licensee, in accordance with the provisions of the federal hemp law, as those terms are defined in chapter 204A.bHemp that was produced in another state in accordance with the federal hemp law and other applicable law.cA hemp product as provided in chapter 204. [C51, §2728; R60, §4374; C73, §4038; C97, §2593, 5003; S13, §2593, 2596-a; C24, 27, 31, 35, §3152, 3168, 3169; C39, §3169.02, 3169.21; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.2, 204.22; C66, §204.2, 204.20; C71, §204.2, 204.20, 204A.3, 204A.10; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.401; 82 Acts, ch 1147, §2]84 Acts, ch 1013, §13, 14; 84 Acts, ch 1105, §2, 3; 89 Acts, ch 225, §11; 90 Acts, ch 1233, §7C93, §124.40194 Acts, ch 1107, §7; 96 Acts, ch 1164, §1 – 4; 97 Acts, ch 122, §1 – 3; 98 Acts, ch 1138, §24, 25; 99 Acts, ch 12, §2, 3; 99 Acts, ch 65, §1; 2000 Acts, ch 1144, §1; 2000 Acts, ch 1201, §4; 2003 Acts, ch 16, §1; 2003 Acts, ch 156, §1 – 7; 2004 Acts, ch 1057, §1; 2004 Acts, ch 1086, §32; 2006 Acts, ch 1030, §12; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §18; 2007 Acts, ch 126, §24; 2009 Acts, ch 41, §263; 2011 Acts, ch 134, §19, 20, 47; 2012 Acts, ch 1023, §23; 2012 Acts, ch 1122, §10, 11; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §25, 236 – 238; 2014 Acts, ch 1082, §1; 2014 Acts, ch 1125, §1; 2015 Acts, ch 30, §53, 207; 2017 Acts, ch 122, §7 – 9; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §4 – 10, 24 – 27; 2017 Acts, ch 162, §2, 25; 2018 Acts, ch 1026, §39, 182; 2019 Acts, ch 130, §24, 33; 2022 Acts, ch 1021, §41; 2022 Acts, ch 1057, §1 – 3; 2023 Acts, ch 86, §1 – 5; 2024 Acts, ch 1122, §1; 2024 Acts, ch 1177, §48, 55Sale, transfer, furnishing, or receipt of precursor for unlawful purpose, see §124B.9124.401AEnhanced penalty for manufacture or distribution to persons on certain real property.In addition to any other penalties provided in this chapter, a person who is eighteen years of age or older who unlawfully manufactures with intent to distribute, distributes, or possesses with intent to distribute a substance or counterfeit substance listed in schedule I, II, or III, or a simulated or imitation controlled substance represented to be a controlled substance classified in schedule I, II, or III, to another person who is eighteen years of age or older in or on, or within one thousand feet of the real property comprising a public or private elementary or secondary school, public park, public swimming pool, public recreation center, or on a marked school bus, may be sentenced up to an additional term of confinement of five years.90 Acts, ch 1251, §5C91, §204.401AC93, §124.401A94 Acts, ch 1172, §6; 96 Acts, ch 1164, §5; 2002 Acts, ch 1175, §25; 2002 Acts, 2nd Ex, ch 1003, §236, 262; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §11124.401BPossession of controlled substances on certain real property additional penalty.In addition to any other penalties provided in this chapter or another chapter, a person who unlawfully possesses a substance listed in schedule I, II, or III, or a simulated or imitation controlled substance represented to be a controlled substance classified in schedule I, II, or III, in or on, or within one thousand feet of the real property comprising a public or private elementary or secondary school, public park, public swimming pool, public recreation center, or on a marked school bus, may be sentenced to one hundred hours of community service work for a public agency or a nonprofit charitable organization. The court shall provide the offender with a written statement of the terms and monitoring provisions of the community service.94 Acts, ch 1172, §7; 96 Acts, ch 1164, §6; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §12124.401CManufacturing methamphetamine in presence of minors.1In addition to any other penalties provided in this chapter, a person who is eighteen years of age or older and who either directly or by extraction from natural substances, or independently by means of chemical processes, or both, unlawfully manufactures a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, simulated controlled substance, or imitation controlled substance in violation of section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”, in the presence of a minor shall be sentenced to two times the term otherwise imposed by law, and no such judgment, sentence, or part thereof shall be deferred or suspended. However, the additional term of confinement shall not be imposed on a person who has been convicted and sentenced for a child endangerment offense under section 726.6, subsection 1, paragraph “g”, arising from the same facts.2For purposes of this section, the term “in the presence of a minor” shall mean, but is not limited to, any of the following:aWhen a minor is physically present during the activity.bWhen the activity is conducted in the residence of a minor.cWhen the activity is conducted in a building where minors can reasonably be expected to be present.dWhen the activity is conducted in a room offered to the public for overnight accommodation.eWhen the activity is conducted in any multiple-unit residential building.97 Acts, ch 125, §1; 2004 Acts, ch 1151, §1; 2006 Acts, ch 1030, §132023 Acts, ch 86, §6124.401DConspiracy to manufacture for delivery or delivery or intent or conspiracy to deliver to a minor.1aIt is unlawful for a person eighteen years of age or older to act with, or enter into a common scheme or design with, or conspire with one or more persons to manufacture for delivery to a person under eighteen years of age a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, simulated controlled substance, or imitation controlled substance in violation of section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”.bA person violating this subsection shall be sentenced to two times the term otherwise imposed under section 124.401, subsection 1, and no such judgment, sentence, or part thereof shall be deferred or suspended.cA second or subsequent violation of this subsection is a class “A” felony.2aIt is unlawful for a person eighteen years of age or older to deliver, or possess with the intent to deliver to a person under eighteen years of age, a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, simulated controlled substance, or imitation controlled substance in violation of section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”, or to act with, or enter into a common scheme or design with, or conspire with one or more persons to deliver or possess with the intent to deliver to a person under eighteen years of age a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, simulated controlled substance, or imitation controlled substance in violation of section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”.bA person violating this subsection shall be sentenced to two times the term otherwise imposed under section 124.401, subsection 1, and no such judgment, sentence, or part thereof shall be deferred or suspended.cA second or subsequent violation of this subsection is a class “A” felony.3Delivery to a minor or possession with intent to deliver to a minor a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, simulated controlled substance, or imitation controlled substance in violation of section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”, shall include the following products if the person knew or had reasonable cause to believe the controlled, counterfeit, simulated, or imitation controlled substance would be delivered to a person under eighteen years of age:aCombining a controlled substance listed in section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”, with a food or beverage product.bMarketing or packaging a controlled substance listed in section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”, to appear similar to a food or beverage product.cModifying the flavor or color of a controlled substance listed in section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, or “c”, to appear similar to a food or beverage product.99 Acts, ch 12, §4; 2000 Acts, ch 1144, §2; 2009 Acts, ch 41, §181; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §239, 240; 2023 Acts, ch 86, §7124.401ECertain penalties for manufacturing or delivery of amphetamine or methamphetamine.1If a court sentences a person for the person’s first conviction for delivery or possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance under section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “c”, and if the controlled substance is amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers, or methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers, the court may suspend the sentence, and the court may order the person to complete a drug court program if a drug court has been established in the county in which the person is sentenced or order the person to be assigned to a community-based correctional facility for a period of one year or until maximum benefits are achieved, whichever is earlier.2If a court sentences a person for a conviction of manufacturing of a controlled substance under section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “c”, and if the controlled substance is amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers, or methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers, the court may suspend the sentence, and the court may order the person to complete a drug court program if a drug court has been established in the county in which the person is sentenced, or order the person to be assigned to a community-based correctional facility for a period of one year or until maximum benefits are achieved, whichever is earlier.3If a court sentences a person for the person’s second or subsequent conviction for delivery or possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance under section 124.401, subsection 1, and the controlled substance is amphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers, or methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, or salts of its isomers, the court, in addition to any other authorized penalties, shall sentence the person to imprisonment in accordance with section 124.401, subsection 1, and the person shall serve the minimum period of confinement as required by section 124.413.99 Acts, ch 12, §5; 2000 Acts, ch 1144, §3124.401FProhibitions on tampering with, possessing, or transporting anhydrous ammonia or anhydrous ammonia equipment.1A person shall not intentionally tamper with anhydrous ammonia equipment. Tampering occurs when a person who is not authorized by the owner of anhydrous ammonia equipment uses the equipment in violation of a provision of this section. A person shall not in any manner or for any purpose sell, fill, refill, deliver, permit to be delivered, or use an anhydrous ammonia container or receptacle, including for the storage of any gas or compound, unless the person owns the container or receptacle or is authorized to do so by the owner. A person shall not possess or transport anhydrous ammonia in a container or receptacle which is not authorized by the secretary of agriculture to hold anhydrous ammonia.2A person violating this section commits a serious misdemeanor. In addition to the imposition of the serious misdemeanor penalty, a person shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than one thousand five hundred dollars, if the person does any of the following:aIntentionally tampers with anhydrous ammonia equipment.bPossesses or transports anhydrous ammonia in a container or receptacle which is not authorized to hold anhydrous ammonia according to rules adopted by the secretary of agriculture.3A person tampering with anhydrous ammonia equipment in violation of this section shall not have a cause of action against the owner of the equipment, any person responsible for the installation and maintenance of the equipment, or the person lawfully selling the anhydrous ammonia for damages arising out of the tampering.99 Acts, ch 12, §6; 99 Acts, ch 208, §48; 2000 Acts, ch 1058, §13124.401GIowa hemp Act.Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter to the contrary, a person shall not be guilty of an offense under this chapter, including under section 124.401 or 124.410, for producing, possessing, using, harvesting, handling, manufacturing, marketing, transporting, delivering, or distributing the plant cannabis, to the extent that the person is a USDA licensee acting in accordance with the federal hemp law, as those terms are defined in chapter 204A. 2019 Acts, ch 130, §25, 33; 2024 Acts, ch 1177, §49, 55124.402Prohibited acts — distributors — registrants — proprietors — penalties.1It is unlawful for any person:aWho is subject to subchapter III to distribute or dispense a controlled substance in violation of section 124.308;bWho is a registrant, to manufacture a controlled substance not authorized by the registration, or to distribute or dispense a controlled substance not authorized by the registration to another registrant or other authorized person;cTo refuse or fail to make, keep or furnish any record, notification, order form, statement, invoice or information required under this chapter;dTo refuse an entry into any premises during reasonable business hours for any inspection authorized by this chapter; oreKnowingly to keep or permit the keeping or to maintain any premises, store, shop, warehouse, dwelling, temporary, or permanent building, vehicle, boat, aircraft, or other temporary or permanent structure or place, which is resorted to by persons using controlled substances in violation of this chapter for the purpose of using these substances, or which is used for keeping, possessing or selling them in violation of this chapter.2Any person who violates subsection 1 of this section, or who acts with, enters into a common scheme or design with, or conspires with one or more other persons to violate subsection 1 of this section, is guilty of a public offense and upon conviction:aOf a violation of paragraphs “a”, “b”, “d”, or “e” shall be an aggravated misdemeanor.bOf a violation of paragraph “c” shall be a serious misdemeanor.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.402]C93, §124.4022017 Acts, ch 54, §76124.403Prohibited acts — controlled substances, distribution, use, possession — records and information — penalties.1It is unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally:aTo distribute as a registrant a controlled substance classified in schedules I or II, except pursuant to an order form as required by section 124.307;bTo use in the course of the manufacture or distribution of a controlled substance a registration number which is fictitious, revoked, suspended, or issued to another person;cTo acquire or obtain possession of a controlled substance by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception or subterfuge;dTo furnish false or fraudulent material information in, or omit any material information from, any application, report, or other document required to be kept or filed under this chapter, or any record required to be kept by this chapter; oreTo make, distribute, or possess any punch, die, plate, stone, or other thing designed to print, imprint, or reproduce the trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark, imprint, or device of another or any likeness of any of the foregoing upon any drug or container or labeling thereof so as to render the drug a counterfeit substance.2Any person who violates this section, or who acts with, enters into a common scheme or design with, or conspires with one or more other persons to violate this section, is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.[C39, §3169.17; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.18; C66, §204.17; C71, §204.17, 204A.3; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.403]C93, §124.403124.404Penalties under other laws.Any penalty imposed for violation of this subchapter shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any civil or administrative penalty or sanction otherwise authorized by law.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.404]C93, §124.4042017 Acts, ch 54, §76124.405Bar to prosecution.If a violation of this chapter is a violation of a federal law or the law of another state, the conviction or acquittal under federal law or the law of another state for the same act is a bar to prosecution in this state.[C39, §3169.22; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.23; C66, 71, §204.21; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.405]C93, §124.405124.406Distribution to person under age eighteen.1A person who is eighteen years of age or older who:aUnlawfully distributes or possesses with intent to distribute a substance listed in schedule I or II to a person under eighteen years of age commits a class “B” felony and shall serve a minimum term of confinement of five years. However, if the substance was distributed in or on, or within one thousand feet of, the real property comprising a public or private elementary or secondary school, public park, public swimming pool, public recreation center, or on a marked school bus, the person shall serve a minimum term of confinement of ten years.bUnlawfully distributes or possesses with the intent to distribute a controlled substance listed in schedule III to a person under eighteen years of age who is at least three years younger than the violator commits a class “C” felony.cUnlawfully distributes a controlled substance listed in schedule IV or V to a person under eighteen years of age who is at least three years younger than the violator commits an aggravated misdemeanor.2A person who is eighteen years of age or older who:aUnlawfully distributes or possesses with the intent to distribute a counterfeit substance listed in schedule I or II, or a simulated or imitation controlled substance represented to be a substance classified in schedule I or II, to a person under eighteen years of age commits a class “B” felony. bUnlawfully distributes or possesses with intent to distribute a counterfeit substance listed in schedule III, or a simulated or imitation controlled substance represented to be any substance listed in schedule III, to a person under eighteen years of age who is at least three years younger than the violator commits a class “C” felony.cUnlawfully distributes a counterfeit substance listed in schedule IV or V, or a simulated or imitation controlled substance represented to be a substance listed in schedule IV or V, to a person under eighteen years of age who is at least three years younger than the violator commits an aggravated misdemeanor.3It is unlawful for a person to deliver a controlled substance to another person in order to act with, enter into a common scheme or design with, conspire with, or recruit the other person for the purpose of delivering a controlled substance to one or more persons under eighteen years of age. A person who violates this subsection with respect to a controlled substance classified in schedule I, II, III, IV, or V is guilty of a class “D” felony.[C97, §5003; C24, 27, 31, 35, §3168, 3169; C39, §3169.21; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.22; C66, §204.20; C71, §204.20, 204A.11; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.406; 82 Acts, ch 1147, §3]84 Acts, ch 1013, §15; 89 Acts, ch 225, §12; 90 Acts, ch 1251, §6, 7C93, §124.40694 Acts, ch 1172, §8, 9; 97 Acts, ch 33, §2, 3; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §13124.406AUse of persons under age eighteen in the drug trade.It is unlawful for a person who is eighteen years of age or older to conspire with or recruit a person under the age of eighteen for the purpose of delivering or manufacturing a controlled substance classified in schedules I through IV. A person violating this section commits a class “C” felony.94 Acts, ch 1172, §10124.407Gatherings where controlled substances unlawfully used penalties.1It is unlawful for any person to sponsor, promote, or aid, or assist in the sponsoring or promoting of a meeting, gathering, or assemblage with the knowledge or intent that a controlled substance be there distributed, used, or possessed, in violation of this chapter.2aAny person who violates this section and where the controlled substance is any one other than marijuana is guilty of a class “D” felony.bAny person who violates this section, and where the controlled substance is marijuana only, is guilty of a serious misdemeanor.3The district court shall grant an injunction barring a meeting, gathering, or assemblage if upon hearing the court finds that the sponsors or promoters of the meeting, gathering, or assemblage have not taken reasonable means to prevent the unlawful distribution, use, or possession of a controlled substance. Further injunctive relief may be granted against all persons furnishing goods or services to such meeting, gathering, or assemblage.4The district court may, upon application and a showing of one or more of the grounds provided in section 639.3, grant to the state or governmental subdivision thereof a writ of attachment, ex parte, without bond, in an amount necessary to secure the payment of any fine that may be imposed and the payment of costs. The reasonable expense to the state and governmental subdivisions thereof to provide the necessary law enforcement resulting from a meeting, gathering, or assemblage held in violation of this section may be taxed as costs in the criminal action.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.407]C93, §124.40799 Acts, ch 135, §13; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §29124.408Joint criminal trials.Information, indictments, trial, and sentencing for violations of this chapter may allege any number of violations of their provisions against one person and join one or more persons as defendants who it is alleged violated the same provisions in the same transaction or series of transactions and which involve common questions of law and fact. The several charges shall be set out in separate counts and each accused person shall be convicted or acquitted upon each count by separate verdict. Each accused person shall thereafter be sentenced upon each verdict of guilty. The court may consider such separate verdicts of guilty returned at the same time as one offense for the purpose of sentencing as provided in this chapter. The court may grant a severance and separate trial to any accused person jointly charged or indicted if it appears that substantial injustice would result to such accused person unless a separate trial was granted.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.408]C93, §124.408124.409Conditional discharge, commitment for treatment, and probation.1Whenever the court finds that a person who is charged with a violation of section 124.401 and who consents thereto, or who has entered a plea of guilty to or been found guilty of a violation of that section, is addicted to, dependent upon, or a chronic user of any controlled substance and that such person will be aided by proper medical treatment and rehabilitative services, the court may order that the person be committed as an in-patient or out-patient to a facility licensed by the department of health and human services for medical treatment and rehabilitative services.2In order to obtain the most effective results from such medical treatment and rehabilitative services, the court may commit the person to the custody of a public or private agency or any other responsible person and impose other conditions upon the commitment as is necessary to ensure compliance with the court’s order and to ensure that the person will not, during the period of treatment and rehabilitation, again violate a provision of this chapter.3If it is established thereafter to the satisfaction of the court that the person has again violated a provision of this chapter, the person may be returned to custody or sentenced upon conviction as provided by law.4The public or private agency or responsible person to whom the accused person was committed by the court shall immediately report to the court when the person has received maximum benefit from the program or has recovered from addiction, dependency, or tendency to chronically abuse any controlled substance. The person shall then be returned to the court for disposition of the case. If the person has been charged or indicted, but not convicted, such charge shall proceed to trial or final disposition. If the person has been convicted or is thereafter convicted, the court shall sentence the person as provided by law but may remit all or any part of the sentence and place the person on probation upon terms and conditions as the court may prescribe.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.409]84 Acts, ch 1013, §16C93, §124.40996 Acts, ch 1034, §4; 2002 Acts, ch 1175, §26; 2002 Acts, 2nd Ex, ch 1003, §237, 262; 2019 Acts, ch 59, §49; 2020 Acts, ch 1062, §23; 2021 Acts, ch 76, §26; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §71; 2024 Acts, ch 1161, §17, 1372024 strike of subsection 2 effective July 1, 2025; 2024 Acts, ch 1161, §137Subsection 2 stricken and former subsections 3 – 5 renumbered as 2 – 4124.410Accommodation offense.1In a prosecution for unlawful delivery or possession with intent to deliver marijuana, if the prosecution proves that the defendant violated the provisions of section 124.401, subsection 1, by proving that the defendant delivered or possessed with intent to deliver one-half ounce or less of marijuana which was not offered for sale, the defendant is guilty of an accommodation offense and rather than being sentenced as if convicted for a violation of section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “d”, shall be sentenced as if convicted of a violation of section 124.401, subsection 5. An accommodation offense may be proved as an included offense under a charge of delivering or possessing with the intent to deliver marijuana in violation of section 124.401, subsection 1. 2Subsection 1 does not apply to any of the following: aHashish, hashish oil, or other derivatives of marijuana as defined in section 124.101, subsection 20.bHemp or a hemp product excluded from schedule I of controlled substances as provided in section 124.204, subsection 7.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.410]89 Acts, ch 225, §13C93, §124.41099 Acts, ch 67, §1; 2019 Acts, ch 130, §26, 33124.411Second or subsequent offenses.1Any person convicted of a second or subsequent offense under this chapter, may be punished by imprisonment for a period not to exceed three times the term otherwise authorized, or fined not more than three times the amount otherwise authorized, or punished by both such imprisonment and fine.2For purposes of this section, an offense is considered a second or subsequent offense, if, prior to the person’s having been convicted of the offense, the offender has ever been convicted under this chapter or under any state or federal statute relating to narcotic drugs or cocaine, marijuana, depressant, stimulant, or hallucinogenic drugs.3This section does not apply to any of the following: aAn offense under section 124.401, subsection 5.bHemp or a hemp product excluded from schedule I of controlled substances as provided in section 124.204, subsection 7.[C97, §5003; C24, 27, 31, 35, §3168, 3169; C39, §3169.21; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.22; C66, 71, §204.20; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.411]84 Acts, ch 1013, §17C93, §124.4112019 Acts, ch 130, §27, 33124.412Notice of conviction.If a person enters a plea of guilty to, or forfeits bail or collateral deposited to secure the person’s appearance in court, and such forfeiture is not vacated, or if a person is found guilty upon an indictment or information alleging a violation of this chapter, a copy of the minutes attached to the indictment returned by the grand jury, or to the county attorney’s information, a copy of the judgment and sentence, and a copy of the opinion of the judge if one is filed, shall be sent by the clerk of the district court or the judge to any state board or officer by whom the convicted person has been licensed or registered to practice the person’s profession or carry on the person’s business. On the conviction of a person, the court may suspend or revoke the license or registration of the convicted defendant to practice the defendant’s profession or carry on the defendant’s business. On the application of a person whose license or registration has been suspended or revoked, and upon proper showing and for good cause, the board or officer may reinstate the license or registration.[C39, §3169.15; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.16; C66, 71, §204.15; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.412]C93, §124.41293 Acts, ch 16, §1; 2018 Acts, ch 1172, §95, 104124.413Mandatory minimum sentence parole eligibility.1Except as provided in subsection 3 and sections 901.11 and 901.12, a person sentenced pursuant to section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “a”, “b”, “e”, “f”, “g”, or “h”, shall not be eligible for parole or work release until the person has served a minimum term of confinement of one-third of the maximum indeterminate sentence prescribed by law.2This section shall not apply if:aThe offense is found to be an accommodation pursuant to section 124.410; orbThe controlled substance is marijuana.3A person serving a sentence pursuant to section 124.401, subsection 1, paragraph “b”, shall be denied parole or work release, based upon all the pertinent information as determined by the court under section 901.11, subsection 1, until the person has served between one-half of the minimum term of confinement prescribed in subsection 1 and the maximum indeterminate sentence prescribed by law.[C79, 81, §204.413]89 Acts, ch 225, §14C93, §124.4132009 Acts, ch 41, §182; 2016 Acts, ch 1104, §1, 2; 2017 Acts, ch 122, §10, 11; 2023 Acts, ch 86, §8124.414Drug paraphernalia.1aAs used in this section, “drug paraphernalia” means all equipment, products, or materials of any kind used or attempted to be used in combination with a controlled substance, except those items used in combination with the lawful use of a controlled substance, to knowingly or intentionally and primarily do any of the following:1Manufacture a controlled substance.2Inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance.3Test the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled substance.4Enhance the effect of a controlled substance.b“Drug paraphernalia” does not include hypodermic needles or syringes if manufactured, delivered, sold, or possessed for a lawful purpose.2It is unlawful for any person to knowingly or intentionally manufacture, deliver, sell, or possess drug paraphernalia.3A person who violates this section commits a simple misdemeanor.2000 Acts, ch 1144, §4124.415Parental and school notification persons under eighteen years of age.A peace officer shall make a reasonable effort to identify a person under the age of eighteen discovered to be in possession of a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, simulated controlled substance, or imitation controlled substance in violation of this chapter, and if the person is not referred to juvenile court, the law enforcement agency of which the peace officer is an employee shall make a reasonable attempt to notify the person’s custodial parent or legal guardian of such possession, whether or not the person is arrested, unless the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that such notification is not in the best interests of the person or will endanger that person. If the person is taken into custody, the peace officer shall notify a juvenile court officer who shall make a reasonable effort to identify the elementary or secondary school the person attends, if any, and to notify the superintendent of the school district, the superintendent’s designee, or the authorities in charge of the nonpublic school of the taking into custody. A reasonable attempt to notify the person includes but is not limited to a telephone call or notice by first-class mail.90 Acts, ch 1251, §8C91, §204.415C93, §124.41594 Acts, ch 1172, §11; 95 Acts, ch 191, §5; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §14124.416Exception to restrictions on bail.Notwithstanding section 811.1, the court, after making the finding required by section 811.1, subsection 2, paragraph “d”, may admit a person convicted of a violation of section 124.401, subsection 2, or of a violation of section 124.406, to bail if the prosecuting attorney in the action and the defendant’s counsel jointly petition the court to admit the person to bail.90 Acts, ch 1251, §9C91, §204.416C93, §124.41695 Acts, ch 191, §62024 Acts, ch 1127, §4124.417Imitation controlled substances exceptions.It is not unlawful under this chapter for a person registered under section 124.302, to manufacture, deliver, or possess with the intent to manufacture or deliver, or to act with, one or more other persons to manufacture, deliver, or possess with the intent to manufacture or deliver an imitation controlled substance for use as a placebo by a registered practitioner in the course of professional practice or research. 2017 Acts, ch 145, §15124.418Persons seeking medical assistance for drug-related overdose.1As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:a“Drug-related overdose” means a condition of a person for which each of the following is true:1The person is in need of medical assistance.2The person displays symptoms including but not limited to extreme physical illness, pinpoint pupils, decreased level of consciousness including coma, or respiratory depression.3The person’s condition is the result of, or a prudent layperson would reasonably believe such condition to be the result of, the consumption or use of a controlled substance.b“Overdose patient” means a person who is, or would reasonably be perceived to be, suffering a drug-related overdose and who has not previously received immunity under this section.c“Overdose reporter” means a person who seeks medical assistance for an overdose patient and who has not previously received immunity under this section.d“Protected information” means information or evidence collected or derived as a result of any of the following:1An overdose patient’s good-faith actions to seek medical assistance while experiencing a drug-related overdose.2An overdose reporter’s good-faith actions to seek medical assistance for an overdose patient experiencing a drug-related overdose if all of the following are true:aThe overdose patient is in need of medical assistance for an immediate health or safety concern.bThe overdose reporter is the first person to seek medical assistance for the overdose patient.cThe overdose reporter provides the overdose reporter’s name and contact information to medical or law enforcement personnel.dThe overdose reporter remains on the scene until assistance arrives or is provided.eThe overdose reporter cooperates with medical and law enforcement personnel.fMedical assistance was not sought during the execution of an arrest warrant, search warrant, or other lawful search.2Protected information shall not be considered to support probable cause and shall not be admissible as evidence against an overdose patient or overdose reporter for any of the following offenses:aDelivery of a controlled substance under section 124.401, subsection 1, if such delivery involved the sharing of the controlled substance without profit.bPossession of a controlled substance under section 124.401, subsection 5.cViolation of section 124.407.dViolation of section 124.414.3A person’s pretrial release, probation, supervised release, or parole shall not be revoked based on protected information.4Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, a court may consider the act of providing first aid or other medical assistance to someone who is experiencing a drug-related overdose as a mitigating factor in a criminal prosecution.5Nothing in this section shall do any of the following:aPreclude or prevent an investigation by law enforcement of the drug-related overdose where medical assistance was provided.bBe construed to limit or bar the use or admissibility of any evidence or information obtained in connection with the investigation of the drug-related overdose in the investigation or prosecution of other crimes or violations which do not qualify for immunity under this section and which are committed by any person, including the overdose patient or overdose reporter.cPreclude the investigation or prosecution of any person on the basis of evidence obtained from sources other than the specific drug-related overdose where medical assistance was provided.2018 Acts, ch 1138, §32Immunity for possession and administration of opioid antagonists, see 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AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS124.501Responsibility for enforcement.The department is primarily responsible for the enforcement of this chapter, and all other laws and regulations of this state, relating to controlled or counterfeit substances, or simulated or imitation controlled substances, except that the board is primarily responsible for making accountability audits of the supply and inventory of controlled substances in the possession of pharmacists, doctors, hospitals, and health care facilities as defined in section 135C.1, subsection 8, as well as in the possession of any and all other individuals or institutions authorized to have possession of any controlled substances, and is also primarily responsible for any other duties in respect to controlled substances as specifically delegated to the board by law. An officer or employee of the board may, when so directed or authorized by the board:1Execute and serve search warrants, administrative inspection warrants, subpoenas, and summonses issued under the authority of this state.2Make seizures of property pursuant to the provisions of this chapter.[C39, §3169.19; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.20, 204.26; C66, 71, §204.19; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.501; 82 Acts, ch 1147, §10]C93, §124.501124.502Administrative inspections and warrants.1Issuance and execution of administrative inspection warrants shall be as follows:aA district judge or district associate judge, within the court’s jurisdiction, and upon proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause, may issue warrants for the purpose of conducting administrative inspections under this chapter or a related rule. The warrant may also permit seizures of property appropriate to the inspections. For purposes of the issuance of administrative inspection warrants, probable cause exists upon showing a valid public interest in the effective enforcement of the statute or related rules, sufficient to justify administrative inspection of the area, premises, building, or conveyance in the circumstances specified in the application for the warrant.bA warrant shall issue only upon sworn testimony of an officer or employee of the board duly designated and having knowledge of the facts alleged, before the judicial officer, establishing the grounds for issuing the warrant. If the judicial officer is satisfied that grounds for the application exist or that there is probable cause to believe they exist, the officer shall issue a warrant identifying the area, premises, building, or conveyance to be inspected, the purpose of the inspection, and, if appropriate, the type of property to be inspected, if any.cThe warrant shall:1State the grounds for its issuance and the name of each person whose testimony has been taken in support thereof.2Be directed to a person authorized by section 124.501 to execute it.3Command the person to whom it is directed to inspect the area, premises, building, or conveyance identified for the purpose specified and, if appropriate, direct the seizure of the property specified.4Identify the item or types of property to be seized, if any.5Direct that it be served during normal business hours, if appropriate, and designate the judge to whom it shall be returned.dA warrant issued pursuant to this section must be executed and returned within ten days after its date unless, upon a showing of a need for additional time, the court so instructs otherwise in the warrant. If property is seized pursuant to a warrant, the person executing the warrant shall give to the person from whom the property is seized, or the person in charge of the premises from which the property is seized, a copy of the warrant and a receipt for the property seized or shall leave the copy and receipt at the place from which the property is seized. The return of the warrant shall be made promptly and shall be accompanied by a written inventory of any property seized. The inventory shall be made in the presence of the person executing the warrant and of the person from whose possession or premises the property was seized, if they are present, or in the presence of at least one credible person other than the person executing the warrant. A copy of the inventory shall be delivered to the person from whom or from whose premises the property was seized and to the applicant for the warrant.eThe judicial officer who has issued a warrant under this section shall require that there be attached to the warrant a copy of the return, and of all papers filed in connection with the return, and shall file them with the clerk of the district court for the county in which the inspection was made.2The department may make administrative inspections of controlled premises in accordance with the following provisions:aFor purposes of this section only, “controlled premises” means:1Places where persons registered or exempted from registration requirements under this chapter are required to keep records; and2Places including factories, warehouse establishments, and conveyances where persons registered or exempted from registration requirements under this chapter are permitted to hold, manufacture, compound, process, sell, deliver, or otherwise dispose of any controlled substance.bWhenever authorized by an administrative inspection warrant issued pursuant to subsection 1 of this section an officer or employee of the board, upon presenting the warrant and appropriate credentials to the owner, operator, or agent in charge, has the right to enter controlled premises for the purpose of conducting an administrative inspection.cWhenever authorized by an administrative inspection warrant, an officer or employee of the board has the right:1To inspect and copy records required by this chapter to be kept;2To inspect, within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, controlled premises and all pertinent equipment, finished and unfinished material, containers and labeling found therein, and, except as provided in paragraph “e” of this subsection, all other things therein, including records, files, papers, processes, controls, and facilities bearing on violation of this chapter; and3To inventory any stock of any controlled substance therein and obtain samples of any such substance.dThis section shall not be construed to prevent the inspection without a warrant of books and records pursuant to a subpoena issued in accordance with section 622.65, nor shall this section be construed to prevent entries and administrative inspections, including seizures of property, without a warrant:1With the consent of the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the controlled premises;2In situations presenting imminent danger to health or safety;3In situations involving inspection of conveyances where there is reasonable cause to believe that the mobility of the conveyance makes it impracticable to obtain a warrant;4In any other exceptional or emergency circumstance where time or opportunity to apply for a warrant is lacking; and5In all other situations where a warrant is not constitutionally required.eExcept when the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the controlled premises so consents in writing, no inspection authorized by this section shall extend to financial data; sales data, other than shipment data; or pricing data.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.502; 82 Acts, ch 1147, §11]83 Acts, ch 186, §10051, 10052, 10201C93, §124.50299 Acts, ch 96, §10; 2009 Acts, ch 41, §183; 2017 Acts, ch 145, §16124.503Injunctions.1The district court may exercise jurisdiction to enjoin violations of this chapter.2In case of an alleged violation of an injunction or restraining order issued under this section, upon demand of the defendant, trial shall be by a jury.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.503]C93, §124.503124.504Cooperative arrangements and confidentiality.1The department and board, subject to approval and direction of the governor, shall cooperate with federal and other state agencies in discharging its responsibilities concerning traffic in controlled substances and in suppressing the abuse of controlled substances. To this end, they may jointly:aArrange for the exchange of information between governmental officials concerning the use and abuse of controlled substances.bCoordinate and cooperate in training programs on controlled substance law enforcement at the local and state levels.cCooperate with the bureau by establishing a centralized unit which will accept, catalogue, file, and collect statistics, including records of drug dependent persons and other controlled substance law offenders within the state, and make such information available for federal, state and local law enforcement purposes; except that they shall not furnish the name or identity of a patient or research subject whose identity could not be obtained under subsection 3.dConduct programs of eradication aimed at destroying wild or illicit growth of plant species from which controlled substances may be extracted.2Results, information, and evidence received from the bureau relating to the regulatory functions of this chapter, including results of inspections conducted by that agency may be relied upon and acted upon by the board or the department in the exercise of their regulatory functions under this chapter.3A practitioner engaged in medical practice or research or the Iowa substance use disorder authority or any program which is licensed by the authority shall not be required to furnish the name or identity of a patient or research subject to the board or the department, nor shall the practitioner or the authority or any program which is licensed by the authority be compelled in any state or local civil, criminal, administrative, legislative or other proceedings to furnish the name or identity of an individual that the practitioner or the authority or any of its licensed programs is obligated to keep confidential.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.504]C93, §124.5042023 Acts, ch 19, §72124.505Reserved.124.506Controlled substances — disposal.All controlled substances, the lawful possession of which is not established or the title to which cannot be ascertained, or excess or undesired controlled substances, which have come into the custody of the board, the department, or any peace officer, shall be disposed of as follows:1Except as otherwise provided in this section, the court having jurisdiction shall order such controlled substances forfeited and destroyed. A record of the place where the controlled substances were seized, of the kinds and quantities of controlled substances so destroyed, and of the time, place, and manner of destruction, shall be kept for not less than ten years after destruction, and a return under oath, reporting said destruction, shall be made to the court.2Upon written application by the board, the court by whom the forfeiture of controlled substances has been decreed may order the delivery of any of them, except controlled substances listed in schedule I, to the board for distribution or destruction, as provided by this section.3Upon a request of any law enforcement agency, the court may order that a portion of a controlled substance subject to forfeiture and destruction pursuant to this section becomes the possession of the requesting law enforcement agency for the sole purpose of canine controlled substance detection training. A law enforcement agency receiving a controlled substance pursuant to this subsection shall do the following:aEstablish a policy that includes reasonable controls regarding the possession, storage, use, and destruction of the controlled substance.bRetain a record of the following for at least ten years from the date the controlled substance is destroyed:1The court order granting the law enforcement agency possession of the controlled substance.2The name of each peace officer who takes possession of the controlled substance.3The time, place, and manner of the destruction of the controlled substance.4Upon application by any hospital within this state, not operated for private gain, the board may in its discretion deliver any controlled substances that have come into its custody by authority of this section to the applicant for medicinal use. The board may from time to time deliver excess stocks of controlled substances to the bureau for disposition, or may destroy the excess controlled substances.5The board shall keep a full and complete record of all controlled substances received and disposed of, showing the exact kinds, quantities, and forms of controlled substances, the persons from whom received and to whom delivered, by whose authority received, delivered, and destroyed and the dates of the receipt, disposal, or destruction, which record shall be open to inspection by all federal or state officers charged with the enforcement of federal and state laws relating to any controlled substance.[C39, §3169.14; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.15; C66, 71, §204.14; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.506]C93, §124.5062009 Acts, ch 24, §2, 3; 2020 Acts, ch 1065, §1, 19; 2020 Acts, ch 1121, §107 – 109; 2024 Acts, ch 1177, §50, 55124.506ALarge seizure of a controlled substance — evidence and disposal.1aNotwithstanding the provisions of section 124.506, if more than ten pounds of marijuana or more than one pound of any other controlled substance is seized as a result of a violation of this chapter, the law enforcement agency responsible for retaining the seized controlled substance may destroy the seized controlled substance if the law enforcement agency retains at least ten pounds of the marijuana seized or at least one pound of any other controlled substance seized for evidence purposes.bParagraph “a” does not apply to hemp or a hemp product excluded from schedule I of controlled substances as provided in section 124.204, subsection 7.2Prior to the destruction of any controlled substance under this section, the law enforcement agency shall photograph the controlled substance to be destroyed with identifying case numbers or any other case identifiers and prepare a written report detailing any relevant information about the destruction of the controlled substance. At least thirty days prior to any destruction of a controlled substance, the law enforcement agency destroying the controlled substance shall notify in writing any person arrested in connection with the seizure, the attorney of the person if represented, and any other attorney of record including the prosecuting attorney, and the law enforcement agency that made the arrest if the agency is different than the law enforcement agency responsible for retaining the seized controlled substance, that the law enforcement agency is planning to photograph and destroy part of the controlled substance seized, and any person or agency notified may be present at the photographing of the controlled substance to be destroyed.3Any person or agency notified about the destruction of part of the controlled substance seized, or any other interested party, may file an application with the district court resisting the destruction of any of the controlled substance.4A rebuttable presumption is created that the portion of any controlled substance retained for representation purposes as evidence and all photographs and records made under this section and properly identified are admissible in any court proceeding for any purpose for which the destroyed controlled substance would have been admissible.2006 Acts, ch 1027, §1; 2006 Acts, ch 1185, §119; 2019 Acts, ch 130, §28, 33124.507Burden of proof — liabilities.1It is not necessary for the state to negate any exemption or exception set forth in this chapter in any complaint, information, indictment or other pleading or in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding under this chapter. The proof of entitlement to any exemption or exception by the person claiming its benefit shall be a valid defense.2The absence of proof that a person is the duly authorized holder of an appropriate registration or order form issued under this chapter creates a rebuttable presumption that the person is not the holder of such registration or form.3No liability shall be imposed by virtue of this chapter upon any authorized state, county or municipal officer, engaged in the lawful performance of the officer’s duties.[C24, 27, 31, 35, §3156; C39, §3169.18; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.19; C66, 71, §204.18; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.507]C93, §124.507124.508Judicial review.Judicial review of actions of board or department may be sought in accordance with the terms of the Iowa administrative procedure Act, chapter 17A.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.508]C93, §124.5082003 Acts, ch 44, §114124.509Education and research.1The board and the department, subject to approval and direction of the governor, shall carry out educational programs designed to prevent and deter misuse and abuse of controlled substances. They shall consult with each other and coordinate their programs so as to avoid duplication of effort. In connection with these programs they may:aPromote better recognition of the problems of misuse and abuse of controlled substances within the regulated industry and among interested groups and organizations;bAssist the regulated industry and interested groups and organizations in contributing to the reduction of misuse and abuse of controlled substances;cConsult with interested groups and organizations to aid them in solving administrative and organizational problems;dEvaluate procedures, projects, techniques, and controls conducted or proposed as part of educational programs on misuse and abuse of controlled substances;eDisseminate the results of research on misuse and abuse of controlled substances to promote a better public understanding of what problems exist and what can be done to combat them; and,fAssist in the education and training of state and local law enforcement officials in their efforts to control misuse and abuse of controlled substances.2The board and the department, subject to approval and direction of the governor, shall encourage research on misuse and abuse of controlled substances. In connection with such research, and in furtherance of the enforcement of this chapter, they may in such manner as will best insure coordination and avoid duplication of effort:aEstablish methods to assess accurately the effects of controlled substances and identify and characterize those with potential for abuse;bMake studies and undertake programs of research to:1Develop new or improved approaches, techniques, systems, equipment and devices to strengthen the enforcement of this chapter;2Determine patterns of misuse and abuse of controlled substances and the social effects thereof; and,3Improve methods for preventing, predicting, understanding and dealing with the misuse and abuse of controlled substances; and,cEnter into contracts with public agencies, institutions of higher education, and private organizations or individuals for the purpose of conducting research, demonstrations, or special projects which bear directly on misuse and abuse of controlled substances.3The board or department, subject to approval and direction of the governor, may enter into contracts for educational and research activities without performance bonds.4The board and department, subject to approval and direction of the governor, may jointly authorize persons engaged in research on the use and effects of controlled substances to withhold the names and other identifying characteristics of individuals who are the subjects of the research. Persons who obtain this authorization shall not be compelled in any civil, criminal, administrative, legislative, or other proceeding to identify the individuals who are the subjects of research for which the authorization was obtained.5The board and department, subject to approval and direction of the governor, may jointly authorize the possession and distribution of controlled substances by persons engaged in research. Persons who obtain this authorization are exempt from state prosecution for possession and distribution of controlled substances to the extent of the authorization.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.509]C93, §124.509124.510Reports of arrests and analyses to department.Any peace officer who arrests for any crime, any known unlawful user of the drugs described in schedule I, II, III, or IV, or who arrests any person for a violation of this chapter, or charges any person with a violation of this chapter subsequent to the person’s arrest, shall within five days after the arrest or the filing of the charge, whichever is later, report the arrest and the charge filed to the department. The peace officer or any other peace officer or law enforcement agency which makes or obtains any quantitative or qualitative analysis of any substance seized in connection with the arrest of the person charged, shall report to the department the results of the analysis at the time the arrest is reported or at such later time as the results of the analysis become available. This information is for the exclusive use of the division of narcotics enforcement in the department of public safety, and shall not be a matter of public record.[C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.510]C93, §124.5102005 Acts, ch 35, §29; 2018 Acts, ch 1041, §41124.511Reserved.Reserved.124.512Reserved.Reserved.124.513Reserved.Reserved.124.514Reserved.Reserved.124.515Reserved.Reserved.124.516Reserved.Reserved.124.517Reserved.Reserved.124.518Reserved.Reserved.124.519Reserved.Reserved.124.520Reserved.Reserved.124.521Reserved.Reserved.124.522Reserved.Reserved.124.523Reserved.Reserved.124.524Reserved.Reserved.124.525Reserved.Reserved.124.526Reserved.Reserved.124.527Reserved.Reserved.124.528Reserved.Reserved.124.529Reserved.Reserved.124.530Reserved.Reserved.124.531Reserved.Reserved.124.532Reserved.Reserved.124.533Reserved.Reserved.124.534Reserved.Reserved.124.535Reserved.Reserved.124.536Reserved.Reserved.124.537Reserved.Reserved.124.538Reserved.Reserved.124.539Reserved.Reserved.124.540Reserved.Reserved.124.541Reserved.Reserved.124.542Reserved.Reserved.124.543Reserved.Reserved.124.544Reserved.Reserved.124.545Reserved.Reserved.124.546Reserved.Reserved.124.547Reserved.Reserved.124.548Reserved.Reserved.124.549Reserved.Reserved.VIDRUG PRESCRIBING AND DISPENSING — INFORMATION PROGRAM124.550Definitions.For purposes of this subchapter, unless the context otherwise requires:1“Pharmacist” means a practicing pharmacist who is actively engaged in and responsible for the pharmaceutical care of the patient about whom information is requested.2“Prescribing practitioner” means a practitioner who has prescribed or is contemplating the authorization of a prescription for the patient about whom information is requested. “Prescribing practitioner” does not include a licensed veterinarian.3“Proactive notification” means a notification by the board, generated based on factors determined by the board and issued to a specific prescribing practitioner or pharmacist, indicating that a patient may be practitioner shopping or pharmacy shopping or at risk of abusing or misusing a controlled substance.4“Program” means the information program for drug prescribing and dispensing.2016 Acts, ch 1052, §1; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §1, 2, 17124.551Information program for drug prescribing and dispensing.1Contingent upon the receipt of funds pursuant to section 124.557 sufficient to carry out the purposes of this subchapter, the board, in conjunction with the advisory committee created in section 124.555, shall establish and maintain an information program for drug prescribing and dispensing.2aThe program shall collect from pharmacies dispensing information for controlled substances identified pursuant to section 124.554, subsection 1, paragraph “g”, and from first responders as defined in section 147A.1, subsection 7, with the exception of emergency medical care providers as defined in section 147A.1, subsection 4, administration information for opioid antagonists. The department of health and human services shall provide information for the administration of opioid antagonists to the board as prescribed by rule for emergency medical care providers as defined in section 147A.1, subsection 4. The board shall adopt rules requiring the following information to be provided regarding the administration of opioid antagonists:1Patient identification.2Identification of the person administering opioid antagonists.3The date of administration.4The quantity of opioid antagonists administered.bThe information collected shall be used by prescribing practitioners, veterinarians, and pharmacists on a need-to-know basis for purposes of improving patient health care by facilitating early identification of patients who may be at risk for addiction, or who may be using, abusing, or diverting drugs for unlawful or otherwise unauthorized purposes at risk to themselves and others, or who may be appropriately using controlled substances lawfully prescribed for them but unknown to the practitioner.3The board shall implement technological improvements to facilitate secure access to the program through electronic health and pharmacy information systems. The board shall collect, store, and disseminate program information consistent with security criteria established by rule, including use of appropriate encryption or other industry-recognized security technology.4The board shall seek any federal waiver necessary to implement the provisions of the program.2006 Acts, ch 1147, §2, 11; 2016 Acts, ch 1052, §2; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §3; 2020 Acts, ch 1024, §1; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §73; 2024 Acts, ch 1170, §197124.551APrescribing practitioner program registration.A prescribing practitioner shall register for the program at the same time the prescribing practitioner applies to the board to register or renews registration to prescribe controlled substances as required by the board. Once the prescribing practitioner registers for the program, the prescribing practitioner or the prescribing practitioner’s designated agent shall utilize the program database prior to issuing an opioid prescription as prescribed by rules adopted by the prescribing practitioner’s licensing board to assist the prescribing practitioner in determining appropriate treatment options and to improve the quality of patient care. A prescribing practitioner shall not be required to utilize the program database to assist in the treatment of a patient receiving inpatient hospice care or long-term residential facility patient care.2018 Acts, ch 1138, §4124.552Information reporting.1Unless otherwise prohibited by federal or state law, each licensed pharmacy that dispenses controlled substances identified pursuant to section 124.554, subsection 1, paragraph “g”, to patients in the state, each licensed pharmacy located in the state that dispenses such controlled substances identified pursuant to section 124.554, subsection 1, paragraph “g”, to patients inside or outside the state, unless specifically excepted in this section or by rule, and each prescribing practitioner furnishing, dispensing, or supplying controlled substances to the prescribing practitioner’s patient, shall submit the following prescription information to the program:aPharmacy identification.bPatient identification.cPrescribing practitioner identification.dThe date the prescription was issued by the prescribing practitioner.eThe date the prescription was dispensed.fAn indication of whether the prescription dispensed is new or a refill.gIdentification of the drug dispensed.hQuantity of the drug dispensed.iThe number of days’ supply of the drug dispensed.jSerial or prescription number assigned by the pharmacy.kType of payment for the prescription.lOther information identified by the board by rule.2Information shall be submitted electronically in a secure format specified by the board unless the board has granted a waiver and approved an alternate secure format.3Information shall be timely transmitted within one business day of the dispensing of the controlled substance, unless the board grants an extension. The board may grant an extension if either of the following occurs:aThe pharmacy or prescribing practitioner suffers a mechanical or electronic failure, or cannot meet the deadline established by the board for other reasons beyond the pharmacy’s or practitioner’s control.bThe board is unable to receive electronic submissions.4This section shall not apply to dispensing by a licensed pharmacy for the purposes of inpatient hospice care or long-term residential facility patient care.2006 Acts, ch 1147, §3, 11; 2007 Acts, ch 126, §25, 26; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §5124.553Information access.1The board may provide information from the program to the following:a1A pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner who requests the information and certifies in a form specified by the board that it is for the purpose of providing medical or pharmaceutical care to a patient of the pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner. A pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner may delegate program information access to another authorized individual or agent only if that individual or agent registers for program information access, pursuant to board rules, as an agent of the pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner. Board rules shall identify the qualifications for a pharmacist’s, veterinarian’s, or prescribing practitioner’s agent and shall limit the number of agents to whom each pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner may delegate program information access.2Notwithstanding subparagraph (1), a prescribing practitioner may delegate program information access to another licensed health care professional in emergency situations where the patient would be placed in greater jeopardy if the prescribing practitioner was required to access the information personally.bAn individual who requests the individual’s own program information in accordance with the procedure established in rules of the board adopted under section 124.554.cPursuant to an order, subpoena, or other means of legal compulsion for access to or release of program information that is issued based upon a determination of probable cause in the course of a specific investigation of a specific individual.dA prescription database or monitoring program in another jurisdiction pursuant to subsection 7.eAn institutional user established by the board to facilitate the secure access of a prescribing practitioner or pharmacist to the program through electronic health and pharmacy information systems.fThe state medical examiner or a county medical examiner as appointed pursuant to section 331.801 or 691.5 or a medical examiner investigator recognized by the office of the state medical examiner when the information requested by the examiner or investigator relates to an investigation being conducted by the examiner or investigator.gA prescribing practitioner or pharmacist through the use of a targeted distribution of proactive notifications.hA prescribing practitioner for the issuance of a required report pursuant to section 124.554, subsection 3.2The board shall maintain a record of each person that requests information from the program and of all proactive notifications distributed to prescribing practitioners and dispensing pharmacists as provided in subsection 1, paragraph “g”. Pursuant to rules adopted by the board under section 124.554, the board may use the records to document and report statistical information, and may provide program information for statistical, public research, public policy, or educational purposes, after removing personal identifying information of a patient, prescribing practitioner, dispenser, or other person who is identified in the information.3Information contained in the program and any information obtained from it, and information contained in the records of requests for information from the program and information distributed to prescribing practitioners and dispensing pharmacists as provided in subsection 1, paragraph “g”, is privileged and strictly confidential information. Such information is a confidential public record pursuant to section 22.7, and is not subject to discovery, subpoena, or other means of legal compulsion for release except as provided in this subchapter. Information from the program shall not be released, shared with an agency or institution, or made public except as provided in this subchapter.4A pharmacist or other dispenser making a report to the program reasonably and in good faith pursuant to this subchapter is immune from any liability, civil, criminal, or administrative, which might otherwise be incurred or imposed as a result of the report.5Nothing in this section shall require a pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner to obtain information about a patient from the program. A pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner does not have a duty and shall not be held liable in damages to any person in any civil or derivative criminal or administrative action for injury, death, or loss to person or property on the basis that the pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner did or did not seek or obtain or use information from the program. A pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner acting reasonably and in good faith is immune from any civil, criminal, or administrative liability that might otherwise be incurred or imposed for requesting or receiving or using information from the program.6The board shall not charge a fee to a pharmacy, pharmacist, veterinarian, or prescribing practitioner for the establishment, maintenance, or administration of the program, including costs for forms required to submit information to or access information from the program, except that the board may charge a fee to an individual who requests the individual’s own program information. A fee charged pursuant to this subsection shall not exceed the actual cost of providing the requested information and shall be considered appropriated receipts as defined in section 8.2.7The board may enter into an agreement with a prescription database or monitoring program operated in any state for the mutual exchange of information. Any agreement entered into pursuant to this subsection shall specify that all the information exchanged pursuant to the agreement shall be used and disseminated in accordance with the laws of this state.2006 Acts, ch 1147, §4, 11; 2007 Acts, ch 8, §19; 2007 Acts, ch 126, §27, 28; 2011 Acts, ch 58, §1; 2014 Acts, ch 1053, §1, 2; 2016 Acts, ch 1052, §3, 4; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2017 Acts, ch 152, §1; 2017 Acts, ch 162, §3, 25; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §6, 13, 18, 19; 2020 Acts, ch 1024, §2, 3; 2024 Acts, ch 1170, §198; 2024 Acts, ch 1185, §136124.554Rules and reporting.1The board shall adopt rules in accordance with chapter 17A to carry out the purposes of, and to enforce the provisions of, this subchapter. The rules shall include but not be limited to the development of procedures relating to:aIdentifying each patient about whom information is entered into the program.bAn electronic format for the submission of information from pharmacies and prescribing practitioners.cA waiver to submit information in another format for a pharmacy or prescribing practitioner unable to submit information electronically.dAn application by a pharmacy or prescribing practitioner for an extension of time for transmitting information to the program.eThe submission by an authorized requestor of a request for information and a procedure for the verification of the identity of the requestor.fUse by the board or advisory committee of the program request records required by section 124.553, subsection 2, to document and report statistical information.gIncluding all schedule II, schedule III, and schedule IV controlled substances, schedule V controlled substances including when dispensed by a pharmacist without a prescription except for sales of pseudoephedrine that are reported to the real-time electronic repository, opioid antagonists, and other prescription substances that the advisory committee and board determine can be addictive or fatal if not taken under the proper care and direction of a prescribing practitioner.hAccess by a pharmacist or prescribing practitioner to information in the program pursuant to a written agreement with the board.iThe correction or deletion of erroneous information in the program.jThe issuance annually of a prescribing practitioner activity report compiled from information from the program pursuant to subsection 3.kThe establishment of thresholds or other criteria or measures to be used in identifying an at-risk patient as provided in section 124.553, subsection 1, paragraph “g”, and the targeted distribution of proactive notifications suggesting review of the patient’s prescription history.2Beginning February 1, 2021, and annually by February 1 thereafter, the board shall present to the general assembly and the governor a report prepared consistent with section 124.555, subsection 3, paragraph “d”, which shall include but not be limited to the following:aThe cost to the state of implementing and maintaining the program.bInformation from pharmacies, prescribing practitioners, the board, the advisory committee, and others regarding the benefits or detriments of the program.cInformation from pharmacies, prescribing practitioners, the board, the advisory committee, and others regarding the board’s effectiveness in providing information from the program.3aAnnually by February 1, the board shall electronically, and at as low a cost as possible, issue each prescribing practitioner who prescribed a controlled substance reported to the program as dispensed in the preceding calendar year in this state a prescribing practitioner activity report which shall include but not be limited to the following:1A summary of the prescribing practitioner’s history of prescribing controlled substances.2A comparison of the prescribing practitioner’s history of prescribing controlled substances with the history of other prescribing practitioners of the same profession or specialty.3The prescribing practitioner’s history of program use.4General patient risk factors.5Educational updates.6Other pertinent information identified by the board by rule.bInformation provided to a prescribing practitioner in a report required under this subsection is privileged and shall be kept confidential pursuant to section 124.553, subsection 3.2006 Acts, ch 1147, §5, 11; 2007 Acts, ch 126, §29, 30; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §7, 14, 15, 20; 2020 Acts, ch 1024, §4 – 6; 2024 Acts, ch 1170, §199 – 203124.555Advisory committee established.An advisory committee shall be established to assist the board in the management of the program and program activities. 1The committee shall consist of five members appointed by the board. The members shall include at least one prescribing practitioner licensed by the board, one physician licensed under chapter 148, one prescribing practitioner licensed by the board of nursing, and one licensed prescribing practitioner who is not a physician, and other members as determined by the board. The board shall adopt rules in accordance with chapter 17A on matters pertaining to the committee membership, including the terms of appointment and quorum. The board shall solicit recommendations for committee members from Iowa health professional licensing boards, associations, and societies. The license of each member appointed to and serving on the advisory committee shall be current and in good standing with the professional’s licensing board.2The committee shall advance the goals of the program, which include identification of misuse and diversion of controlled substances identified pursuant to section 124.554, subsection 1, paragraph “g”, and enhancement of the quality of health care delivery in this state.3Duties of the committee shall include but not be limited to the following:aEnsuring the confidentiality of the patient, prescribing practitioner, and dispensing pharmacist and pharmacy.bRespecting and preserving the integrity of the patient’s treatment relationship with the patient’s health care providers.cEncouraging and facilitating cooperative efforts among health care practitioners and other interested and knowledgeable persons in developing best practices for prescribing and dispensing controlled substances and in educating health care practitioners and patients regarding controlled substance use and abuse.dMaking recommendations regarding the continued benefits of maintaining the program in relationship to cost and other burdens to the patient, prescribing practitioner, pharmacist, and the board. The committee’s recommendations shall be included in reports required by section 124.554, subsection 2.eMonitoring and ensuring that patient confidentiality, best interests, and civil liberties are at all times protected and preserved during the existence of the program.4Members of the advisory committee shall be eligible to request and receive actual expenses for their duties as members of the advisory committee, subject to reimbursement limits imposed by the department of administrative services, and shall also be eligible to receive a per diem compensation as provided in section 7E.6, subsection 1.2006 Acts, ch 1147, §6, 11; 2007 Acts, ch 126, §31, 32; 2008 Acts, ch 1088, §82; 2022 Acts, ch 1049, §12 – 14; 2024 Acts, ch 1170, §204 – 208124.556Education and treatment.The program shall include education initiatives and outreach to consumers, prescribing practitioners, and pharmacists, and shall also include assistance for identifying substance use disorder treatment programs and providers. The program shall also include educational updates and information on general patient risk factors for prescribing practitioners. The board shall adopt rules, as provided under section 124.554, to implement this section.2006 Acts, ch 1147, §7, 11; 2007 Acts, ch 126, §33; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §16; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §74; 2024 Acts, ch 1170, §209124.557Drug information program fund — surcharge.The drug information program fund is established to be used by the board to fund or assist in funding the program. The board may make deposits into the fund from any source, public or private, including grants or contributions of money or other items of value, which it determines necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter. The board may add a surcharge of not more than twenty-five percent to the applicable fee for a registration issued pursuant to section 124.302 and the surcharge shall be deposited into the fund. Moneys received by the board to establish and maintain the program must be used for the expenses of administering this subchapter. Notwithstanding section 8.33, amounts contained in the fund that remain unencumbered or unobligated at the close of the fiscal year shall not revert but shall remain available for expenditure for the purposes designated in future years.2006 Acts, ch 1147, §8, 11; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §8124.558Prohibited acts — penalties.1Failure to comply with requirements.A pharmacist, pharmacy, prescribing practitioner, or agent of a pharmacist or prescribing practitioner who knowingly fails to comply with the confidentiality requirements of this subchapter or who delegates program information access to another individual except as provided in section 124.553, is subject to disciplinary action by the appropriate professional licensing board. A pharmacist, pharmacy, or prescribing practitioner that knowingly fails to comply with other requirements of this subchapter is subject to disciplinary action by the board. Each licensing board may adopt rules in accordance with chapter 17A to implement the provisions of this section.2Unlawful access, disclosure, or use of information.A person who intentionally or knowingly accesses, uses, or discloses program information in violation of this subchapter, unless otherwise authorized by law, is guilty of a class “D” felony. This section shall not preclude a pharmacist or prescribing practitioner who requests and receives information from the program consistent with the requirements of this chapter from otherwise lawfully providing that information to any other person for medical or pharmaceutical care purposes.2006 Acts, ch 1147, §9, 11; 2007 Acts, ch 126, §34; 2011 Acts, ch 58, §2; 2017 Acts, ch 54, §76; 2018 Acts, ch 1138, §9124.559Reserved.Reserved.124.560Reserved.Reserved.124.561Reserved.Reserved.124.562Reserved.Reserved.124.563Reserved.Reserved.124.564Reserved.Reserved.124.565Reserved.Reserved.124.566Reserved.Reserved.124.567Reserved.Reserved.124.568Reserved.Reserved.124.569Reserved.Reserved.124.570Reserved.Reserved.124.571Reserved.Reserved.124.572Reserved.Reserved.124.573Reserved.Reserved.124.574Reserved.Reserved.124.575Reserved.Reserved.124.576Reserved.Reserved.124.577Reserved.Reserved.124.578Reserved.Reserved.124.579Reserved.Reserved.124.580Reserved.Reserved.124.581Reserved.Reserved.124.582Reserved.Reserved.124.583Reserved.Reserved.124.584Reserved.Reserved.124.585Reserved.Reserved.124.586Reserved.Reserved.124.587Reserved.Reserved.124.588Reserved.Reserved.124.589Reserved.Reserved.124.590Reserved.Reserved.124.591Reserved.Reserved.124.592Reserved.Reserved.124.593Reserved.Reserved.124.594Reserved.Reserved.124.595Reserved.Reserved.124.596Reserved.Reserved.124.597Reserved.Reserved.124.598Reserved.Reserved.124.599Reserved.Reserved.124.600Reserved.Reserved.VIIMISCELLANEOUS124.601Uniformity of interpretation.This chapter shall be so construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it.[C24, 27, 31, 35, §3167; C39, §3169.23; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.24; C66, 71, §204.22; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.601]C93, §124.601124.602Short title.This chapter may be cited as the “Uniform Controlled Substances Act”.[C39, §3169.24; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §204.25; C66, 71, §204.23; C73, 75, 77, 79, 81, §204.602]C93, §124.602