281—60.1(280) Definitions. As used in these rules, the following definitions apply:
“Bilingual instruction” refers to a program of instruction in English and the native language of the student designed to enable students to become proficient in English and in academic content areas at an age- and grade-appropriate level.
“Educational and instructional model” means an instructional model, strategy, method, or skill that provides a framework of instructional approaches to guide decision making about teaching and learning. Based on the needs of particular students, “educational and instructional model” may include a specific set of instructional services or a fully developed curriculum or other supplementary services.
“English as a second language” refers to a structured language acquisition program designed to teach English to students whose native language is other than English, until the student demonstrates a functional ability to speak, read, write, and listen to English language at the age- and grade-appropriate level.
“English learner” means the same as defined in Iowa Code section 280.4(1)“b.”
“Fully English proficient” means the same as defined in Iowa Code section 280.4(1)“b.”
“Intensive student” means the same as defined in Iowa Code section 280.4(1)“b.”
“Intermediate student” means the same as defined in Iowa Code section 280.4(1)“b.”
“Research-based” means based on a body of research showing that the educational and instructional model, or other educational practice, has a high likelihood of improving teaching and learning. To determine whether research meets this standard for purposes of this chapter, research reports are reviewed for the following:
	1.	The specific population studied;
	2.	Research that involves the application of rigorous, systematic, and objective procedures to obtain reliable results and provide a basis for valid inferences relevant to education activities and programs;
	3.	Whether the research employs systematic, empirical methods that draw on observation or experiment;
	4.	Reliance on measurement or observational methods that provide reliable and valid data;
	5.	Inclusion of rigorous data analyses that are adequate to test the stated hypotheses and justify the general conclusions or inferences drawn;
	6.	Description of the magnitude of the impact on student learning results; and
	7.	Inclusion of the level of the review of the study.
[ARC 7424C, IAB 12/27/23, effective 1/31/24]