701—304.5(422) Nonresident and part-year resident credit. An individual who is a nonresident of Iowa for the entire tax year, or an individual who is an Iowa resident for a portion of the tax year, is allowed a credit against the individual’s Iowa income tax liability for the Iowa income tax on the portion of the individual’s income which was earned outside Iowa while the person was a nonresident of Iowa. This credit is computed on Schedule IA 126. The following subrules explain how the credit is computed for taxpayers who are nonresidents of Iowa and taxpayers who are part-year residents of Iowa.
	304.5(1)  Credit calculation for nonresidents of Iowa.
	a. 	Prior to the calculation of the nonresident credit, a nonresident of Iowa shall compute taxable income in the same manner as a full-year Iowa resident. Thus, a nonresident would have the same initial Iowa income tax liability as a full-year Iowa resident taxpayer with the same taxable income before the nonresident credit is computed.
	b. 	The nonresident credit is computed by dividing the taxpayer’s Iowa source net income by the taxpayer’s total net income. See 701—Chapter 40 to determine a nonresident’s Iowa source net income and total net income. This Iowa income percentage is rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent (e.g., 1.2 percent) for tax years beginning before January 1, 2022, and to the nearest ten-thousandth of a percent (e.g., 1.2345 percent) for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022. The Iowa income percentage is then subtracted from 100 percent to arrive at the nonresident credit percentage, which represents the percentage of the individual’s total income which was earned outside Iowa. The nonresident credit percentage is multiplied by the net Iowa tax to compute the nonresident credit. For purposes of this subrule, “net Iowa tax” means the Iowa regular income tax after reduction for the nonrefundable credits provided in Iowa Code section 422.12.
Example 1: A single resident of Nebraska had Iowa source net income of $15,000 in 2022 from wages earned from employment in Iowa. The rest of this person’s income was attributable to sources outside Iowa. This nonresident of Iowa had a total net income of $40,000 and a taxable income of $30,000 due to allowable deductions. The Iowa income percentage is computed by dividing the Iowa source net income of $15,000 by the taxpayer’s total net income of $40,000, which results in a percentage of 37.5000. This percentage is subtracted from 100 percent, which leaves a nonresident credit percentage of 62.5000.
The Iowa tax before reduction for the nonrefundable credits under Iowa Code section 422.12 is $1,508. The individual is allowed an exemption credit under Iowa Code section 422.12 of $40, which leaves a tax amount of $1,468 ($1,508 - $40). When $1,468 is multiplied by the nonresident credit percentage of 62.5000, a nonresident credit of $918 is computed.
Example 2: A California resident, who was married, had $20,000 of Iowa source net income in 2022 from an Iowa farm. This individual had an additional $80,000 in net income that was attributable to sources outside Iowa, but the individual’s spouse had no income. The taxpayers had a total net income of $100,000 and a taxable income of $70,000 due to allowable deductions.
The taxpayers had an Iowa income tax liability of $4,583 after application of the personal exemption credits of $80 under Iowa Code section 422.12. The taxpayers had an Iowa source net income of $20,000 and a total net income of $100,000. Therefore, the Iowa income percentage was 20.0000. Subtracting the Iowa income percentage of 20 percent from 100 percent leaves a nonresident credit percentage of 80.0000.
When the Iowa income tax liability of $4,583 is multiplied by 80 percent, this results in a nonresident credit of $3,666.
	304.5(2)  Credit calculation for part-year residents of Iowa.
	a. 	Prior to the calculation of the part-year resident credit, an individual who is a resident of Iowa for part of the tax year shall compute taxable income in the same manner as a full-year Iowa resident. Therefore, a part-year resident would have the same initial Iowa income tax liability as a full-year Iowa resident with the same taxable income before computation of the part-year resident credit.
	b. 	The part-year resident credit for a part-year resident is computed by adding all the individual’s net income received while the taxpayer was a resident of Iowa and all the Iowa source net income received during the period of the tax year when the individual was a nonresident of Iowa, and dividing that sum by the taxpayer’s total net income. See 701—Chapter 40 to determine a part-year resident’s Iowa source net income and total net income. This Iowa income percentage is rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent (e.g., 1.2 percent) for tax years beginning before January 1, 2022, and to the nearest ten-thousandth of a percent (e.g., 1.2345 percent) for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022. The Iowa income percentage is then subtracted from 100 percent to arrive at the part-year resident credit percentage, which represents the percentage of the individual’s total income which was earned outside of Iowa while a nonresident. The part-year resident credit percentage is multiplied by the net Iowa tax to compute the part-year resident credit. For purposes of this subrule, “net Iowa tax” means the Iowa regular income tax after reduction for the nonrefundable credits provided in Iowa Code section 422.12.
Example 3: A single individual was a resident of Nebraska for the first half of 2022 and moved to Iowa on July 1, 2022, to accept a job in Des Moines. This individual earned $20,000 from wages, $200 from interest, and $4,000 from a ranch in Nebraska from January 1, 2022, through June 30, 2022. In the second half of 2022, this person had wages of $30,000, interest income of $300, and $4,000 from the Nebraska ranch. This part-year resident had $14,000 of allowable deductions.
The part-year resident’s total net income was $58,500 and the Iowa source net income was $34,300, which includes the Iowa wages, the Nebraska ranch income of $4,000 earned during the individual’s period of Iowa residence, as well as the interest income of $300 earned during that time of the tax year. The Iowa taxable income for the part-year resident for 2022 was $44,500 due to allowable deductions of $14,000 ($58,500 - $14,000). The individual’s Iowa income percentage was 58.6325, which was determined by dividing the Iowa source income of $34,300 by the total income of $58,500. Subtracting the Iowa income percentage of 58.6325 from 100 percent results in a part-year resident credit percentage of 41.3675. The Iowa tax on total income was $2,529, which was reduced to $2,489 after subtraction of the personal exemption credit of $40 under Iowa Code section 422.12.
When $2,489 is multiplied by the part-year resident percentage of 41.3675, a part-year resident credit of $1,030 is computed for this part-year resident.
Example 4: A single individual moved from Minnesota to Iowa on July 1, 2022. This person earned $5,000 in income from an Iowa farm in the first half of the tax year and another $10,000 from this farm in the second half of the tax year. This person had $10,000 in wages from employment in Minnesota in the first half of the year and another $15,000 in wages from employment in Iowa in the second half of the tax year. This person had $2,000 in interest from a bank in the first half of the year and $2,000 in interest from a bank in the second half of the tax year.
The part-year resident’s total net income was $44,000 and the Iowa source net income was $32,000, which consisted of $15,000 in wages, $2,000 in interest income, and $15,000 in income from the Iowa farm. Since the farm was in Iowa, all farm income, including the income received while the individual was not a resident of Iowa, was taxable to Iowa. The individual’s Iowa taxable income was $34,250, which was computed after subtracting $9,750 in allowable deductions ($44,000 - $9,750). The taxpayer’s Iowa income tax liability was $1,757 after subtraction of a personal exemption credit of $40 under Iowa Code section 422.12.
The taxpayer’s Iowa income percentage was 72.7273, which was computed by dividing the Iowa source net income of $32,000 by the total net income of $44,000. The part-year resident credit percentage was 27.2727, which was arrived at by subtracting the Iowa income percentage of 72.7273 from 100 percent. The taxpayer’s part-year resident credit is $479. This was determined by multiplying the Iowa income tax liability after personal exemption credit amount of $1,757 by the part-year resident percentage of 27.2727.
This rule is intended to implement Iowa Code section 422.5.
[ARC 8702B, IAB 4/21/10, effective 5/26/10; ARC 1665C, IAB 10/15/14, effective 11/19/14; ARC 6031C, IAB 11/3/21, effective 12/8/21; Editorial change: IAC Supplement 11/2/22]