657—8.16 (124,155A) Confidential information.
	 8.16(1) Definition. “Confidential information” means information accessed or maintained by the pharmacy in the patient’s records which contains personally identifiable information that could be used to identify the patient. This includes but is not limited to patient name, address, telephone number, and social security number; prescriber name and address; and prescription and drug or device information such as therapeutic effect, diagnosis, allergies, disease state, pharmaceutical services rendered, medical information, and drug interactions, regardless of whether such information is communicated to or from the patient, is in the form of paper, is preserved on microfilm, or is stored on electronic media.
	 8.16(2) Release of confidential information. Confidential information in the patient record may be released only as follows:
	  a.   	 Pursuant to the express written authorization of the patient or the order or direction of a court.
	  b.   	 To the patient or the patient’s authorized representative.
	  c.   	 To the prescriber or other licensed practitioner then caring for the patient.
	  d.   	 To another licensed pharmacist when the best interests of the patient require such release.
	  e.   	 To the board or its representative or to such other persons or governmental agencies duly authorized by law to receive such information.
A pharmacist shall utilize the resources available to determine, in the professional judgment of the pharmacist, that any persons requesting confidential patient information pursuant to this rule are entitled to receive that information.
	 8.16(3) Exceptions. Nothing in this rule shall prohibit pharmacists from releasing confidential patient information as follows:
	  a.   	 Transferring a prescription to another pharmacy upon the request of the patient or the patient’s authorized representative.
	  b.   	 Providing a copy of a nonrefillable prescription to the person for whom the prescription was issued which is clearly marked as a copy and not to be filled.
	  c.   	 Providing drug therapy information to physicians or other authorized prescribers for their patients.
	  d.   	 Disclosing information necessary for the processing of claims for payment of health care operations or services.
	 8.16(4) System security and safeguards. To maintain the integrity and confidentiality of patient records and prescription drug orders, any system or computer utilized shall have adequate security including system safeguards designed to prevent and detect unauthorized access, modification, or manipulation of patient records and prescription drug orders.
	 8.16(5) Record disposal. Disposal of any materials containing or including patient-specific or confidential information shall be conducted in a manner to preserve patient confidentiality.