11—10.3 (8A) Utility determination. Services for which the department has determined that DAS shall be the sole provider are designated “utilities” as part of entrepreneurial management in Iowa state government. Customers may choose the amount of service they purchase, but must buy from the single source. Utilities are those services for which a monopoly structure makes sense due to economies of scale. The process for determining whether the department shall be the sole provider of a service shall include consideration of economic factors, input from customer councils and input from upper levels of the executive branch.