567—23.3 (455B) Specific contaminants.
	 23.3(1) General. The emission standards contained in this rule shall apply to each source operation unless a specific emission standard for the process involved is prescribed elsewhere in this chapter, in which case the specific standard shall apply.
	 23.3(2) Particulate matter. No person shall cause or allow the emission of particulate matter from any source in excess of the emission standards specified in this chapter, except as provided in 567—Chapter 24.
	  a.   	 General emission rate.
	 (1) 	 For sources constructed, modified or reconstructed on or after July 21, 1999, the emission of particulate matter from any process shall not exceed an emission standard of 0.1 grain per dry standard cubic foot (dscf) of exhaust gas, except as provided in 567—21.2(455B), 23.1(455B), 23.4(455B), and 567—Chapter 24.
	 (2) 	 For sources constructed, modified or reconstructed prior to July 21, 1999, the emission of particulate matter from any process shall not exceed the amount determined from Table I, or amount specified in a permit if based on an emission standard of 0.1 grain per standard cubic foot of exhaust gas, or established from standards provided in 23.1(455B) and 23.4(455B).
TABLE I
ALLOWABLE RATE OF EMISSION BASED ON PROCESS WEIGHT RATE*

Process Weight Rate	Emission Rate	Process Weight Rate	Emission Rate	
Lb/Hr	Tons/Hr	Lb/Hr	Lb/Hr	Tons/Hr	Lb/Hr	
100	0.05	0.55	16,000	8.00	16.5	
200	0.10	0.88	18,000	9.00	17.9	
400	0.20	1.40	20,000	10.00	19.2	
600	0.30	1.83	30,000	15.00	25.2	
800	0.40	2.22	40,000	20.00	30.5	
1,000	0.50	2.58	50,000	25.00	35.4	
1,500	0.75	3.38	60,000	30.00	40.0	
2,000	1.00	4.10	70,000	35.00	41.3	
2,500	1.25	4.76	80,000	40.00	42.5	
3,000	1.50	5.38	90,000	45.00	43.6	
3,500	1.75	5.96	100,000	50.00	44.6	
4,000	2.00	6.52	120,000	60.00	46.3	
5,000	2.50	7.58	140,000	70.00	47.8	
6,000	3.00	8.56	160,000	80.00	49.0	
7,000	3.50	9.49	200,000	100.00	51.2	
8,000	4.00	10.4	1,000,000	500.00	69.0	
9,000	4.50	11.2	2,000,000	1,000.00	77.6	
10,000	5.00	12.0	6,000,000	3,000.00	92.7	
12,000	6.00	13.6	 	 	 	
*Interpolation of the data in this table for process weight rates up to 60,000 lb/hr shall be accomplished by the use of the equation
E=4.10 P0.67,
and interpolation and extrapolation of the data for process weight rates in excess of 60,000 lb/hr shall be accomplished by use of the equation
E=55.0 P0.11—40,
where E = rate of emission in lb/hr, and
P = process weight in tons/hr
	  b.   	 Combustion for indirect heating. Emissions of particulate matter from the combustion of fuel for indirect heating or for power generation shall be limited by the ASME Standard APS-1, Second Edition, November, 1968, “Recommended Guide for the Control of Dust Emission—Combustion for Indirect Heat Exchangers.” For the purpose of this paragraph, the allowable emissions shall be calculated from equation (15) in that standard, with Comax2=50 micrograms per cubic meter. Allowable emissions from a single stack may be estimated from Figure 1. The maximum ground level dust concentrations designated are above the background level. For plants with 4,000 million Btu/hour input or more, the “a” factor shall be 1.0. In plants with less than 4,000 million Btu/hour input, appropriate “a” factors, less than 1.0, shall be applied. Pertinent correction factors, as specified in the standard, shall be applied for installations with multiple stacks. However, for fuel-burning units in operation on January 13, 1976, the maximum allowable emissions calculated under APS-1 for the facility’s equipment configuration on January 13, 1976, shall not be increased even if the changes in the equipment or stack configuration would otherwise allow a recalculation and a higher maximum allowable emission under APS-1.
	 (1) 	 Outside any standard metropolitan statistical area, the maximum allowable emissions from each stack, irrespective of stack height, shall be 0.8 pounds of particulates per million Btu input.
	 (2) 	 Inside any standard metropolitan statistical area, the maximum allowable emission from each stack, irrespective of stack height, shall be 0.6 pounds of particulates per million Btu input.
	 (3) 	 For a new fossil fuel-fired steam generating unit of more than 250 million Btu per hour heat input, 23.1(2)“a” shall apply. For a new unit of between 150 million and 250 million (inclusive) Btu per hour heat input, the maximum allowable emissions from such new unit shall be 0.2 pounds of particulates per million Btu of heat input. For a new unit of less than 150 million Btu per hour heat input, the maximum allowable emissions from such new unit shall be 0.6 pounds of particulates per million Btu of heat input.
	 (4) 	 Measurements of emissions from a particulate source will be made in accordance with the provisions of 567—Chapter 25.

	 (5) 	 For fuel-burning sources in operation prior to July 29, 1977, which are not subject to 23.1(2) and which significantly impact a primary or secondary particulate standard nonattainment area, the emission limitations specified in this subparagraph apply. A significant impact shall be equal to or exceeding 5 micrograms of particulate matter per cubic meter of air (24-hour average) or 1 microgram of particulate matter per cubic meter of air (annual average) determined by an EPA approved single source dispersion model using allowable emission rates and five-year worst case meteorological conditions. In the case where two or more boilers discharge into a common stack, the applicable stack emission limitation shall be based upon the heat input of the largest operating boiler. The plantwide allowable emission limitation shall be the weighted average of the allowable emission limitations for each stack or the applicable APS-1 plantwide standard as determined under paragraph 23.3(2)“b,” whichever is more stringent.
The maximum allowable emission rate for a single stack with a total heat input capacity less than 250 million Btu per hour shall be 0.60 pound of particulate matter per million Btu heat input; the maximum allowable emission rate for a single stack with a total heat input capacity greater than or equal to 250 million Btu per hour and less than 500 million Btu per hour shall be 0.40 pound of particulate matter per million Btu heat input; the maximum allowable emission rate for a single stack with a total heat input capacity greater than or equal to 500 million Btu per hour shall be 0.30 pound of particulate matter per million Btu heat input; except that the maximum allowable emission rate for the stack serving Unit #1 of Iowa Public Service at Port Neal shall be 0.50 pound of particulate matter per million Btu heat input.
All sources regulated under this subparagraph shall demonstrate compliance by October 1, 1981; however, a source is considered to be in compliance with this subparagraph if by October 1, 1981, it is on a compliance schedule to be completed as expeditiously as possible, but no later than December 31, 1982.
	  c.   	 Fugitive dust.
	 (1) 	 Attainment and unclassified areas. A person shall take reasonable precautions to prevent particulate matter from becoming airborne in quantities sufficient to cause a nuisance as defined in Iowa Code section 657.1 when the person allows, causes or permits any materials to be handled, transported or stored or a building, its appurtenances or a construction haul road to be used, constructed, altered, repaired or demolished, with the exception of farming operations or dust generated by ordinary travel on unpaved roads. Ordinary travel includes routine traffic and road maintenance activities such as scarifying, compacting, transporting road maintenance surfacing material, and scraping of the unpaved public road surface. All persons, with the above exceptions, shall take reasonable precautions to prevent the discharge of visible emissions of fugitive dusts beyond the lot line of the property on which the emissions originate. The public highway authority shall be responsible for taking corrective action in those cases where said authority has received complaints of or has actual knowledge of dust conditions which require abatement pursuant to this subrule. Reasonable precautions may include, but not be limited to, the following procedures.
	  1. 	 Use, where practical, of water or chemicals for control of dusts in the demolition of existing buildings or structures, construction operations, the grading of roads or the clearing of land.
	  2. 	 Application of suitable materials, such as but not limited to asphalt, oil, water or chemicals on unpaved roads, material stockpiles, race tracks and other surfaces which can give rise to airborne dusts.
	  3. 	 Installation and use of containment or control equipment, to enclose or otherwise limit the emissions resulting from the handling and transfer of dusty materials, such as but not limited to grain, fertilizer or limestone.
	  4. 	 Covering, at all times when in motion, open-bodied vehicles transporting materials likely to give rise to airborne dusts.
	  5. 	 Prompt removal of earth or other material from paved streets or to which earth or other material has been transported by trucking or earth-moving equipment, erosion by water or other means.
	  6. 	 Reducing the speed of vehicles traveling over on-property surfaces as necessary to minimize the generation of airborne dusts.
	 (2) 	 Nonattainment areas. Subparagraph (1) notwithstanding, no person shall allow, cause or permit any visible emission of fugitive dust in a nonattainment area for particulate matter to go beyond the lot line of the property on which a traditional source is located without taking reasonable precautions to prevent emission. Traditional source means a source category for which a particulate emission standard has been established in 23.1(2), 23.3(2)“a,” 23.3(2)“b” or 23.4(455B) and includes a quarry operation, haul road or parking lot associated with a traditional source. This paragraph does not modify the emission standard stated in 23.1(2), 23.3(2)“a,” 23.3(2)“b” or 23.4(455B), but rather establishes a separate requirement for fugitive dust from such sources. For guidance on the types of controls which may constitute reasonable precautions, see “Identification of Techniques for the Control of Industrial Fugitive Dust Emissions1,” adopted by the commission on May 19, 1981.
	 (3) 	 Reclassified areas. Reasonable precautions implemented pursuant to the nonattainment area provisions of subparagraph (2) shall remain in effect if the nonattainment area is redesignated to either attainment or unclassified after March 6, 1980.
	  d.   	 Visible emissions. No person shall allow, cause or permit the emission of visible air contaminants into the atmosphere from any equipment, internal combustion engine, premise fire, open fire or stack, equal to or in excess of 40 percent opacity or that level specified in a construction permit, except as provided below and in 567—Chapter 24.
	 (1) 	 Residential heating equipment. Residential heating equipment serving dwellings of four family units or less is exempt.
	 (2) 	 Gasoline-powered vehicles. No person shall allow, cause or permit the emission of visible air contaminants from gasoline-powered motor vehicles for longer than five consecutive seconds.
	 (3) 	 Diesel-powered vehicles. No person shall allow, cause or permit the emission of visible air contaminants from diesel-powered motor vehicles in excess of 40 percent opacity, for longer than five consecutive seconds.
	 (4) 	 Diesel-powered locomotives. No person shall allow, cause or permit the emission of visible air contaminants from diesel-powered locomotives in excess of 40 percent opacity, except for a maximum period of 40 consecutive seconds during acceleration under load, or for a period of four consecutive minutes when a locomotive is loaded after a period of idling.
	 (5) 	 Startup and testing. Initial start and warmup of a cold engine, the testing of an engine for trouble, diagnosis or repair, or engine research and development activities, is exempt.
	 (6) 	 Uncombined water. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply to any emission which would be in violation of these provisions except for the presence of uncombined water, such as condensed water vapor.
	 23.3(3) Sulfur compounds. The provisions of this subrule shall apply to any installation from which sulfur compounds are emitted into the atmosphere.
	  a.   	 Sulfur dioxide from use of solid fuels.
	 (1) 	 No person shall allow, cause, or permit the emission of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere from an existing solid fuel-burning unit, (i.e., a unit which was in operation or for which components had been purchased, or which was under construction prior to September 23, 1970), in an amount greater than 6 pounds, replicated maximum three-hour average, per million Btu of heat input if such unit is located within the following counties: Black Hawk, Clinton, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jackson, Lee, Linn, Lousia, Muscatine and Scott.
	 (2) 	 No person shall allow, cause, or permit the emission of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere from an existing solid fuel-burning unit, (i.e., a unit which was in operation or for which components had been purchased, or which was under construction prior to September 23, 1970), in an amount greater than 5 pounds, replicated maximum three-hour average, per million Btu of heat input if such unit is located within the remaining 89 counties of the state not listed in subparagraph 23.3(3)“a”(1).
	 (3) 	 No person shall allow, cause, or permit the emission of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere from any new solid fuel-burning unit (i.e., a unit which was not in operation or for which components had not been purchased, or which was not under construction prior to September 23, 1970) which has a capacity of 250 million Btu or less per hour heat input, in an amount greater than 6 pounds, replicated maximum three-hour average, per million Btu of heat input.
	 (4) 	 Subparagraphs (1) through (3) notwithstanding, a fossil fuel-fired steam generator to which 23.1(2)“a,” 23.1(2)“z” or 23.1(2)“ccc” applies shall comply with 23.1(2)“a,”23.1(2)“z” or 23.1(2)“ccc,” respectively.
	  b.   	 Sulfur dioxide from use of liquid fuels.
	 (1) 	 No person shall allow, cause, or permit the combustion of number 1 or number 2 fuel oil exceeding a sulfur content of 0.5 percent by weight.
	 (2) 	 No person shall allow, cause, or permit the emission of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere in an amount greater than 2.5 pounds of sulfur dioxide, replicated maximum three-hour average, per million Btu of heat input from a liquid fuel-burning unit.
	 (3) 	 Notwithstanding this paragraph, a fossil fuel-fired steam generator to which 23.1(2)“a,”23.1(2)“z” or 23.1(2)“ccc” applies shall comply with 23.1(2)“a,”23.1(2)“z” or 23.1(2)“ccc.”
	  c.   	 Sulfur dioxide from sulfuric acid manufacture. After January 1, 1975, no person shall allow, cause or permit the emission of sulfur dioxide from an existing sulfuric acid manufacturing plant in excess of 30 pounds of sulfur dioxide, maximum three-hour average, per ton of product calculated as 100 percent sulfuric acid.
	  d.   	 Acid mist from sulfuric acid manufacture. After January 1, 1974, no person shall allow, cause or permit the emission of acid mist calculated as sulfuric acid from an existing sulfuric acid manufacturing plant in excess of 0.5 pounds, maximum three-hour average, per ton of product calculated as 100 percent sulfuric acid.
	  e.   	 Other processes capable of emitting sulfur dioxide. After January 1, 1974, no person shall allow, cause or permit the emission of sulfur dioxide from any process, other than sulfuric acid manufacture, in excess of 500 parts per million, based on volume. This paragraph shall not apply to devices which have been installed for air pollution abatement purposes where it is demonstrated by the owner of the source that the ambient air quality standards are not being exceeded.
This rule is intended to implement Iowa Code section 455B.133.
1	Available from the department