657.11  Animal feeding operations.
  1.  The purpose of this section is to protect animal agricultural producers who manage their operations according to state and federal requirements from the costs of defending nuisance suits, which negatively impact upon Iowa’s competitive economic position and discourage persons from entering into animal agricultural production. This section is intended to promote the expansion of animal agriculture in this state by protecting persons engaged in the care and feeding of animals. The general assembly has balanced all competing interests and declares its intent to protect and preserve animal agricultural production operations.
  2.  An animal feeding operation, as defined in section 459.102, shall not be found to be a public or private nuisance under this chapter or under principles of common law, and the animal feeding operation shall not be found to interfere with another person’s comfortable use and enjoyment of the person’s life or property under any other cause of action. However, this section shall not apply if the person bringing the action proves that an injury to the person or damage to the person’s property is proximately caused by either of the following:
  a.  The failure to comply with a federal statute or regulation or a state statute or rule which applies to the animal feeding operation.
  b.  Both of the following:
  (1)  The animal feeding operation unreasonably and for substantial periods of time interferes with the person’s comfortable use and enjoyment of the person’s life or property.
  (2)  The animal feeding operation failed to use existing prudent generally accepted management practices reasonable for the operation.
  3.  a.  This section does not apply to a person during any period that the person is classified as a chronic violator under this subsection as to any confinement feeding operation in which the person holds a controlling interest, as defined by rules adopted by the department of natural resources. This section shall apply to the person on and after the date that the person is removed from the classification of chronic violator. For purposes of this subsection, “confinement feeding operation” means an animal feeding operation in which animals are confined to areas which are totally roofed, and which are regulated by the department of natural resources or the environmental protection commission.
  b.  (1)  A person shall be classified as a chronic violator if the person has committed three or more violations as described in this subsection prior to, on, or after July 1, 1996. In addition, in relation to each violation, the person must have been subject to either of the following:
  (a)  The assessment of a civil penalty by the department or the commission in an amount equal to three thousand dollars or more.
  (b)  A court order or judgment for a legal action brought by the attorney general after referral by the department or commission.
  (2)  Each violation must have occurred within five years prior to the date of the latest violation, counting any violation committed by a confinement feeding operation in which the person holds a controlling interest. A violation occurs on the date the department issues an administrative order to the person assessing a civil penalty of three thousand dollars or more, or on the date the department notifies a person in writing that the department will recommend that the commission refer, or the commission refers the case to the attorney general for legal action, or the date of entry of the court order or judgment, whichever occurs first. A violation under this subsection shall not be counted if the civil penalty ultimately imposed is less than three thousand dollars, the department or commission does not refer the action to the attorney general, the attorney general does not take legal action, or a court order or judgment is not entered against the person. A person shall be removed from the classification of chronic violator on the date on which the person and all confinement feeding operations in which the person holds a controlling interest have committed less than three violations described in this subsection for the prior five years.
  c.  For purposes of counting violations, a continuing and uninterrupted violation shall be considered as one violation. Different types of violations shall be counted as separate violations regardless of whether the violations were committed during the same period. The violation must be a violation of a state statute, or a rule adopted by the department, which applies to a confinement feeding operation and any related animal feeding operation structure, including an anaerobic lagoon, earthen manure storage basin, formed manure storage structure, or egg washwater storage structure; or any related pollution control device or practice. The structure, device, or practice must be part of the confinement feeding operation. The violation must be one of the following:
  (1)  Constructing or operating a related animal feeding operation structure or installing or using a related pollution control device or practice, for which the person must obtain a permit, in violation of statute or rules adopted by the department, including the terms or conditions of the permit.
  (2)  Intentionally making a false statement or misrepresenting information to the department as part of an application for a construction permit for the related animal feeding operation structure, or the installation of the related pollution control device or practice, for which the person must obtain a construction permit from the department.
  (3)  Failing to obtain a permit or approval by the department for a permit to construct or operate a confinement feeding operation or use a related animal feeding operation structure or pollution control device or practice, for which the person must obtain a permit from the department.
  (4)  Operating a confinement feeding operation, including a related animal feeding operation structure or pollution control device or practice, which causes pollution to the waters of the state, if the pollution was caused intentionally, or caused by a failure to take measures required to abate the pollution which resulted from an act of God.
  (5)  Failing to submit a manure management plan as required, or operating a confinement feeding operation required to have a manure management plan without having submitted the manure management plan.
  4.  This section shall apply regardless of the established date of operation or expansion of the animal feeding operation. A defense against a cause of action provided in this section includes but is not limited to a defense for actions arising out of the care and feeding of animals; the handling or transportation of animals; the treatment or disposal of manure resulting from animals; the transportation and application of animal manure; and the creation of noise, odor, dust, or fumes arising from an animal feeding operation.
  5.  If a court determines that a claim is frivolous, a person who brings the claim as part of a losing cause of action against a person who may raise a defense under this section shall be liable to the person against whom the action was brought for all costs and expenses incurred in the defense of the action.
  6.  This section does not apply to an injury to a person or damages to property caused by the animal feeding operation before May 21, 1998.
95 Acts, ch 195, §36; 96 Acts, ch 1118, §1; 98 Acts, ch 1209, §38, 39, 53; 99 Acts, ch 114, §58, 59; 2013 Acts, ch 30, §261; 2014 Acts, ch 1026, §132
Referred to in §266.43, 266.44, 266.45, 657.11A