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Senate File 542 - IntroducedA Bill ForAn Act 1relating to youth employment and making penalties
2applicable.
3BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF IOWA:
1 Section 1. Section 92.3, Code 2023, is amended to read as
2follows:
392.3 Under fourteen — work activities not permitted
4occupations.
5No person under fourteen years of age shall be employed
6or permitted to work with or without compensation in any
7occupation, except in the street occupations or migratory
8labor occupations specified in section 92.1 work activity.
9Any migratory laborer twelve to fourteen years of age may not
10work prior to or during the regular school hours of any day of
11any private or public school which teaches general education
12subjects and which is available to such child.
13 Sec. 2. Section 92.4, Code 2023, is amended to read as
14follows:
1592.4 Under sixteen — permitted occupations work activities.
16No person under sixteen years of age shall be employed
17or permitted to work with or without compensation in any
18occupation work activity during regular school hours, except
19the following work activities:
201. Those persons legally out of school, if such status
21is verified by the submission of written proof to the labor
22commissioner.
232. Those persons working in a supervised school-work
24program.
253. Those persons between the ages of fourteen and sixteen
26enrolled in school on a part-time basis and who are required to
27work as a part of their school training.
284. Fourteen- and fifteen-year-old migrant laborers during
29any hours when summer school is in session.
30 Sec. 3. Section 92.5, Code 2023, is amended to read as
31follows:
3292.5 Fourteen and fifteen — permitted occupations work
33activities.
34Persons fourteen and fifteen years of age may be employed or
35permitted to work in the following occupations work activities:
-1- 11. Retail, food service, and gasoline service
2establishments.
32. Office and clerical work, including operation of office
4machines.
53. Cashiering, selling, modeling, art work, work in
6advertising departments, window trimming, and comparative
7shopping.
84. Price marking and tagging by hand or by machine,
9assembling orders, packing, and shelving.
105. Bagging and carrying out customers’ orders.
116. Errand and delivery work by foot, bicycle, and public
12transportation.
137. Cleanup work, including the use of vacuum cleaners and
14floor waxers, and maintenance of grounds.
158. Kitchen work and other work involved in preparing and
16serving food and beverages, including the cleaning using
17kitchen cleaning products with required personal protective
18equipment, operation of machines and devices used in the
19performance of such work, including but not limited to
20microwaves, dishwashers, toasters, dumb-waiters, popcorn
21poppers, milk shake blenders, and coffee grinders.
229. a. Work in connection with motor vehicles and trucks if
23confined to the following:
24(1) Dispensing gasoline and oil.
25(2) Courtesy service.
26(3) Car cleaning, washing, and polishing.
27b. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to include
28work involving the use of pits, racks, or lifting apparatus or
29involving the inflation of any tire mounted on a rim equipped
30with a removable retaining ring.
3110. Cleaning vegetables and fruits, and wrapping, sealing,
32labeling, weighing, pricing, and stocking goods when performed
33in areas physically separate from areas where meat is prepared,
34for sale and outside including momentary work in freezers or
35 and meat coolers.
-2- 111. Loading onto motor vehicles and unloading from motor
2vehicles of the light, non-power-driven hand tools and personal
3protective equipment that the minor will use as part of their
4employment at the work site. Such light tools include but are
5not limited to rakes, hand-held clippers, shovels, and brooms.
6Such light tools do not include items such as trash, sales
7kits, promotion items or items for sale, lawn mowers, or other
8power-driven lawn maintenance equipment.
912. Laundering.
1013. Work in the production of seed, limited to removal of
11off-type plants and corn tassels and hand-pollinating from June
121 through Labor Day.
1314. Other work approved by the rules adopted pursuant to
14chapter 17A by the labor commissioner.
15 Sec. 4. Section 92.6, Code 2023, is amended to read as
16follows:
1792.6 Fourteen and fifteen — occupations work activities not
18permitted.
191. Persons fourteen and fifteen years of age may not be
20employed in:
21a. Any manufacturing occupation work activity.
22b. Any mining occupation work activity.
23c. Processing occupations work activities, except in a
24retail, food service, or gasoline service establishment in
25those specific occupations work activities expressly permitted
26under the provisions of section 92.5.
27d. Occupations Work activities requiring the performance
28of any duties in workrooms or work places where goods are
29manufactured, mined, or otherwise processed, except to the
30extent expressly permitted in retail, food service, or gasoline
31service establishments under the provisions of section 92.5.
32e. Public messenger service.
33f. Operation or tending of hoisting apparatus or of any
34power-driven machinery, other than office machines and machines
35in retail, food service, and gasoline service establishments
-3-1which are specified in section 92.5 as machines which that such
2minors may operate in such establishments.
3g. Occupations Work activities prohibited by rules adopted
4pursuant to chapter 17A by the labor commissioner.
5h. Occupations Work activities in connection with the
6following, except office or sales work in connection with these
7occupations work activities, not performed on transportation
8media or at the actual construction site:
9(1) Transportation of persons or property by rail, highway,
10air, on water, pipeline, or other means.
11(2) Warehousing and storage.
12(3) Communications and public utilities.
13(4) Construction, including repair.
14i. Any of the following occupations work activities in a
15retail, food service, or gasoline service establishment:
16(1) Work performed in or about boiler or engine rooms.
17(2) Work in connection with maintenance or repair of the
18establishment, machines, or equipment.
19(3) Outside window washing that involves working from
20window sills, and all work requiring the use of ladders,
21scaffolds, or their substitutes.
22(4) Cooking except at soda fountains, lunch counters, snack
23bars, or cafeteria serving counters, and baking.
24(5) Occupations which Work activities that involve
25operating, setting up, adjusting, cleaning, oiling, or
26repairing power-driven food slicers and grinders, food choppers
27and cutters, and bakery-type mixers.
28(6) Work in freezers and meat coolers and all work in
29preparation of meats for sale, except wrapping, sealing,
30labeling, weighing, pricing, and stocking when performed in
31other areas.
32(7) (6) Loading and unloading goods to and from trucks,
33railroad cars, or conveyors, except as permitted by section
3492.5, subsection 11.
35(8) (7) All occupations work activities in warehouses
-4-1except office and clerical work.
2j. Laundering, except for the use of a washing machine
3which has a capacity of less than ten cubic feet and which is
4designed to reach an internal temperature which does not exceed
5212 degrees Fahrenheit.
62. Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting
7office, errand, or packaging work when done away from moving
8machinery.
9 Sec. 5. NEW SECTION. 92.6A Fifteen — permitted work
10activities.
111. Persons fifteen years of age may be employed or permitted
12to work in any of the work activities provided in section 92.5
13in addition to the following work activities:
14a. Loading and unloading non-power-driven equipment weighing
15up to thirty pounds into motor vehicles.
16b. Loading and unloading groceries and other retail items
17weighing up to thirty pounds into motor vehicles.
18c. Stocking shelves with items weighing up to thirty pounds.
19d. If properly licensed, work as a lifeguard or swim
20instructor at a traditional swimming pool or amusement park.
212. The commissioner may issue a waiver of any weight
22limitations provided in subsection 1 of up to fifty pounds
23depending on the strength and ability of the fifteen-year-old.
243. The commissioner may issue a waiver for a
25fifteen-year-old to be able to load and unload light
26power-driven lawn machines based on the ability of the minor if
27the minor is supervised, the machine is powered off, and the
28safety key is stored away from the machine.
294. The commissioner may issue a waiver for a
30fifteen-year-old to perform light assembly work as long
31as the assembly is not performed on machines or in an area with
32machines.
33 Sec. 6. Section 92.7, Code 2023, is amended to read as
34follows:
3592.7 Under sixteen — hours permitted.
-5- 1A person under sixteen years of age shall not be employed
2with or without compensation, except as provided in sections
392.2 92.5 and 92.3 92.6A, before the hour of 7:00 a.m.or after
47:00 9:00 p.m., except during the period from June 1 through
5Labor Day when the hours may be extended to 9:00 11:00 p.m.
6If such person is employed for a period of five hours or more
7each day, an intermission of not less than thirty minutes shall
8be given. Such a person shall not be employed for more than
9eight hours in one day, exclusive of intermission, and shall
10not be employed for more than forty hours in one week. The
11hours of work of persons under sixteen years of age employed
12outside school hours shall not exceed four six in one day or
13twenty-eight in one week while school is in session.
14 Sec. 7. NEW SECTION. 92.7A Sixteen and seventeen — hours
15permitted.
16A person who is sixteen or seventeen years of age may work
17the same hours as a person who is eighteen years of age.
18 Sec. 8. Section 92.8, Code 2023, is amended to read as
19follows:
2092.8 Under eighteen — prohibited occupations work
21activities.
22No person under eighteen years of age shall be employed
23or permitted to work with or without compensation at any
24of the following occupations work activities or business
25establishments:
261. Occupations Work activities in or about plants or
27establishments manufacturing or storing explosives or articles
28containing explosive components, except for the following:
29a. Performing light assembly work as long as the assembly is
30not performed on machines or in an area with machines.
31b. Selling or assisting in the sale of consumer fireworks in
32accordance with section 100.19.
332. Occupations of motor vehicle driver and helper.
343. 2. Logging occupations Logging and occupations in
35 the operation of any sawmill, lath mill, shingle mill, or
-6-1cooperage-stock mill.
24. 3. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
3power-driven woodworking machines.
45. 4. Occupations Work activities involving exposure to
5radioactive substances and to ionizing radiations.
66. 5. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
7elevators and other power-driven hoisting apparatus.
87. 6. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
9power-driven metal forming, punching, and shearing machines.
108. 7. Occupations in connection withmining Mining.
119. 8. Occupations Work activities in or about slaughtering
12and meat packing establishments and rendering plants.
1310. 9. Occupations involved in the operation Operation
14 of certain power-driven bakery machines. Except as otherwise
15provided in this subsection, this subsection does not apply to
16the operation of pizza dough rollers that are a type of dough
17sheeter that have been constructed with safeguards contained in
18the basic design so as to prevent fingers, hands, or clothing
19from being caught in the in-running point of the rollers,
20that have gears that are completely enclosed, and that have
21microswitches that disengage the machinery if the backs or
22sides of the rollers are removed, only when all the safeguards
23detailed in this subsection are present on the machinery, are
24operational, and have not been overridden. However, this
25subsection does apply to the setting up, adjusting, repairing,
26oiling, or cleaning of pizza dough rollers as described in this
27subsection.
2811. 10. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
29certain power-driven paper products machines, except loading
30balers if the machine is powered off and the key is stored in a
31separate area from the machine.
3212. 11. Occupations involved in the manufacture
33 Manufacturing of brick, tile, and related products.
3413. 12. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
35circular saws, band saws, and guillotine shears.
-7- 114. 13. Occupations involved in wrecking Wrecking,
2demolition, and shipbreaking operations.
315. 14. Occupations involved in roofing Roofing
4 operations.
516. 15. Excavation occupations.
617. 16. In Work activities in or about foundries; provided
7that office, shipping, and assembly area employment shall not
8be prohibited by this chapter.
918. 17. Occupations involving the operation Operation of
10dry cleaning or dyeing machinery.
1119. 18. Occupations Work activities involving exposure to
12lead fumes or its compounds, or to dangerous or poisonous dyes
13or chemicals.
1420. 19. Occupations involving the transmission
15 Transmission, distribution, or delivery of goods or messages
16between the hours of 10:00 p.m.and 5:00 a.m.
1721. 20. Occupations Work activities prohibited by rules
18adopted pursuant to chapter 17A by the labor commissioner.
19 Sec. 9. NEW SECTION. 92.8A Approved career and technical
20education, work-based learning, internships, registered
21apprenticeship programs, and student learners.
221. The director of the department of workforce development
23or department of education may grant an exception from any
24provision of section 92.6, 92.7, or 92.8 for minors fourteen
25to seventeen years of age participating in work-based learning
26or a school or employer-administered, work-related program
27approved by the department of workforce development or the
28department of education if all of the following apply:
29a. The requestor demonstrates the activity will be performed
30under adequate supervision and training.
31b. The training includes adequate safety precautions.
32c. The terms and conditions of the proposed employment will
33not interfere with the health, well-being, or schooling of the
34minor enrolled in the approved program.
35d. The work is not prohibited under section 92.6, subsection
-8-11, paragraph “b”, or section 92.8, subsection 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, or
218.
32. Section 92.8 shall not apply to a student in an approved
4work-based learning program, registered apprenticeship, career
5and technical education program, or student learner program
6provided the student is employed under all of the following
7conditions:
8a. The student is employed in a craft recognized as an
9apprenticeable trade or the student is employed under a written
10employment agreement.
11b. The work of the apprentice or student employee in the
12work activities declared particularly hazardous is incidental
13to the apprentice’s training.
14c. The work is intermittent and for short periods of time
15and is under the direct and close supervision of a qualified
16and experienced person.
17d. Adequate on-the-job training and safety instructions are
18in place.
19e. The work is not prohibited under section 92.8, subsection
201, 2, 4, 7, 8, or 18.
213. A minor shall not perform work under this section
22unless the commissioner has on file written permission from
23the minor’s parent, guardian, or legal custodian, and from the
24school administering the program or employer, for the minor to
25perform work under this section.
26 Sec. 10. Section 92.17, subsections 2 and 4, Code 2023, are
27amended by striking the subsections.
28 Sec. 11. Section 92.17, subsection 3, Code 2023, is amended
29to read as follows:
303. A child from working in any occupation work activity or
31business operated by the child’s parents. For the purposes
32of this subsection, “child” and “parents” include a foster
33child and the child’s foster parents who are licensed by the
34department of health and human services.
35 Sec. 12. Section 92.19, subsections 2 and 3, Code 2023, are
-9-1amended by striking the subsections.
2 Sec. 13. Section 92.20, subsection 1, Code 2023, is amended
3by striking the subsection.
4 Sec. 14. Section 92.21, subsection 1, Code 2023, is amended
5to read as follows:
61. The labor commissioner may adopt rules pursuant to
7chapter 17A to more specifically define the occupations work
8activities and equipment permitted or prohibited in this
9chapter, to determine occupations for which work permits are
10required, and to issue general and special orders prohibiting
11or allowing the employment of persons under eighteen years
12of age in any place of employment defined in this chapter as
13hazardous to the health, safety, and welfare of the persons.
14 Sec. 15. Section 92.22, subsection 1, Code 2023, is amended
15to read as follows:
161. The labor commissioner shall enforce this chapter.
17An employer who violates this chapter or the rules adopted
18pursuant to this chapter is subject to a civil penalty of
19not more than ten thousand dollars for each violation. The
20commissioner may waive or reduce a civil penalty based on
21evidence the commissioner may obtain. The commissioner shall
22provide a fifteen-day grace period before imposing a civil
23penalty.
24 Sec. 16. Section 92.23, Code 2023, is amended to read as
25follows:
2692.23 Group insurance.
27Anyone under the age of eighteen and subject to this chapter
28employed in the street occupations who sells or delivers work
29activities of selling or delivering the product or service
30of another and who is designated in such capacity as an
31independent contractor shall be provided participation, if the
32person under the age of eighteen desires it at group rate cost,
33in group insurance for medical, hospital, nursing, and doctor
34expenses incurred as a result of injuries sustained arising out
35of and in the course of selling or delivering such product or
-10-1service by the person, firm, or corporation whose product or
2service is so delivered.
3 Sec. 17. NEW SECTION. 92.24 Employer liability in
4work-based learning.
51. For purposes of this section, unless the context
6otherwise requires:
7a. “Business” means any city, county, or township, including
8but not limited to a fire department or law enforcement
9office or department, public university, municipal university,
10community college, technical college or not-for-profit
11private postsecondary educational institution, corporation,
12association, partnership, proprietorship, limited liability
13company, limited partnership, limited liability partnership,
14organization or other legal entity, whether for-profit or
15not-for-profit, that does all of the following:
16(1) Enters into an agreement with a school district for a
17work-based learning program.
18(2) Directly supervises a student who is participating in
19the work-based learning program, either on the premises of the
20business or at another location.
21b. “Work-based learning program” means a learning program to
22which all of the following apply:
23(1) The program includes but is not limited to work-related,
24on-the-job training, job shadowing, internships, clinicals,
25practicums, registered apprenticeships, co-ops, supervised
26agricultural experiences, and industry-led service-learning
27projects.
28(2) The program is incorporated into secondary coursework
29or related to a specific field of study.
30(3) The program integrates knowledge and theory learned
31in the classroom or other school-approved setting with
32the practical application and development of skills and
33proficiencies in a professional work setting.
342. A business that accepts a secondary student in a
35work-based learning program shall not be subject to civil
-11-1liability for any claim for bodily injury to the student or
2sickness or death by accident of the student arising from
3the student’s driving to or from the business or worksite to
4participate in the work-based learning program unless the
5student is acting within the course and scope of the student’s
6employment at the direction of the business.
73. Any claim for bodily injury to the student or sickness or
8death by accident of the student arising from the business’s
9negligent act or omission during the student’s participation
10in the work-based learning program at the business or worksite
11shall be recovered exclusively under chapters 85, 85A, 85B, and
1286.
13 Sec. 18. Section 123.49, subsection 2, paragraph f, Code
142023, is amended to read as follows:
15f. Employ a person under eighteen years of age in the
16sale or serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption on
17the premises where sold. This paragraph shall not apply if
18the employer has on file written permission from the parent,
19guardian, or legal custodian of a person sixteen or seventeen
20years of age for the person to sell or serve alcoholic
21beverages for consumption on the premises where sold. The
22employer shall keep a copy of the written permission on file
23until the person is either eighteen years of age or no longer
24engaged in the sale of or serving alcoholic beverages for
25consumption on the premises where sold.
26 Sec. 19. Section 321.180B, subsection 1, paragraph c, Code
272023, is amended by adding the following new subparagraph:
28 NEW SUBPARAGRAPH. (3) (a) If the permittee is employed,
29the permittee may operate a motor vehicle to and from work
30without an accompanying driver no earlier than forty-five
31minutes prior to the start of the permittee’s work shift and no
32later than forty—five minutes after the end of the permittee’s
33work shift, during the hours authorized under section 92.7,
34provided the driving distance between the point of origin
35and the destination is no more than twenty—five miles, the
-12-1location of the establishment is a fixed location and is the
2only location at which the permittee is authorized to work for
3the employer, the permittee carries the document required under
4subparagraph division (c) during travel, and the travel is for
5purposes of getting to or from the location for employment.
6(b) If traveling without an accompanying driver, the
7permittee shall not transport any passengers.
8(c) Before operating under this subparagraph, the permittee
9shall submit a document signed by the student’s parent or
10guardian and the student’s employer authorizing the permittee
11to operate under this subparagraph to the department.
12 Sec. 20. Section 321.180B, subsection 7, Code 2023, is
13amended to read as follows:
147. Citations for violation of restrictions. A person who
15violates the restrictions imposed under subsection 1, 2, or
166 may be issued a citation under this section and shall not
17be issued a citation under section 321.193. A Except for
18violations of subsection 1, paragraph “c”, subparagraph (3), a
19 violation of the restrictions imposed under subsection 1, 2,
20or 6 shall not be considered a moving violation. A violation
21of subsection 1, paragraph “c”, subparagraph (3), shall be
22considered a moving violation.
23 Sec. 21. Section 805.8A, subsection 4, paragraph e, Code
242023, is amended to read as follows:
25e. (1) Section 321.180B, other than section 321.180B,
26 subsection 1, paragraph “c”, subparagraph (3) $ 70.
27(2) Section 321.180B, subsection 1, paragraph “c”,
28subparagraph (3)$200.
29 Sec. 22. REPEAL. Sections 92.1, 92.2, 92.9, 92.10, 92.11,
3092.12, 92.13, 92.14, 92.15, 92.16, and 92.18, Code 2023, are
31repealed.
32EXPLANATION
33The inclusion of this explanation does not constitute agreement with
34the explanation’s substance by the members of the general assembly.
35This bill relates to youth employment.
-13- 1CHILD LABOR. The bill includes various amendments to
2Code chapter 92, relating to child labor. The bill strikes
3provisions providing for child labor permits and migrant
4child labor permits. The bill strikes provisions allowing
5certain children under 14 years of age to engage in street
6occupations. The bill modifies permitted and prohibited
7work that can be performed by minors 14 to 17 years of age,
8as well as hours in which work can be performed. The bill
9strikes penalties for certain actions taken in violation
10of Code chapter 92 to procure employment for oneself or
11of another person; other penalties for violations of Code
12chapter 92 are retained. Under current law, a violation
13of Code chapter 92 is generally a serious misdemeanor. A
14serious misdemeanor is punishable by confinement for no more
15than one year and a fine of at least $430 but not more than
16$2,560. The bill allows the labor commissioner to waive or
17reduce a civil penalty under Code chapter 92 based on evidence
18the commissioner may obtain and requires the commissioner to
19provide a 15-day grace period before imposing a civil penalty.
20Under current law, an employer violating Code chapter 92 is
21subject to a civil penalty of up to $10,000. The bill changes
22terminology referring to “occupations” to instead refer to
23“work activities”.
24The bill allows the director of the department of workforce
25development or department of education to grant an exception
26from specified provisions of Code chapter 92 relating to
27prohibited work activities and work hours for minors 14 to 17
28years of age participating in work-based learning or a school
29or employer-administered, work-related program approved by
30the department of workforce development or the department of
31education if specified conditions apply. The bill provides
32that specified prohibitions on work activities are inapplicable
33to a student in an approved work-based learning program,
34registered apprenticeship, career and technical education
35program, or student learner program provided the student is
-14-1employed under specified conditions. A minor shall not perform
2work under these provisions unless the labor commissioner has
3on file written permission from the minor’s parent, guardian,
4or legal custodian, and from the school administering the
5program or employer, for the minor to perform work under these
6provisions.
7The bill provides that a business that accepts a secondary
8student in a work-based learning program shall not be subject
9to civil liability for any claim for bodily injury to the
10student or sickness or death by accident of the student arising
11from the student’s driving to or from the business or worksite
12to participate in the work-based learning program unless the
13student is acting within the course and scope of the student’s
14employment at the direction of the business. Any claim for
15bodily injury to the student or sickness or death by accident
16of the student arising from the business’s negligent act or
17omission during the student’s participation in the work-based
18learning program at the business or worksite shall be recovered
19exclusively under workers’ compensation.
20ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. The bill allows a person 16 to 17
21years of age to be employed in the sale or serving of alcoholic
22beverages for on-premises consumption under Code section 123.49
23if the employer has on file written permission from the parent,
24guardian, or legal custodian of the person. The employer shall
25keep a copy of the written permission on file until the person
26is either 18 years of age or no longer engaged in the sale of
27or serving alcoholic beverages.
28A violation of Code section 123.49 is a simple misdemeanor.
29A simple misdemeanor is punishable by confinement for no more
30than 30 days and a fine of at least $105 but not more than $855.
31MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATION. Under current law, persons
32age 14 to 18 may operate motor vehicles on highways under a
33graduated license under Code section 321.180B. Graduated
34licenses under Code section 321.180B include a three-step
35process from instruction permit to intermediate license to
-15-1full driver’s license. Instruction permit holders (age 14 to
218) must be accompanied by a certain type of licensed driver,
3such as a parent, at all times. For an intermediate license
4holder (age 16 or 17), an accompanying driver is not required
5between the hours of 5:00 a.m.and 12:30 a.m., or between the
6hours of 12:30 a.m.and 5:00 a.m.to and from school-related
7extracurricular activities and work if the licensee possesses a
8waiver.
9The bill authorizes a person issued an instruction permit
10to drive to and from work without an accompanying driver no
11earlier than 45 minutes prior to the start of, and no later
12than 45 minutes after the end of, the person’s work shift
13if the person is employed. The driving distance between the
14point of origin and the destination cannot exceed 25 miles, the
15location of the work establishment must be a fixed location
16and the only location at which the permittee is authorized to
17work for the employer, and the travel is required to be for
18purposes of getting to or from the location for employment. A
19permittee is not authorized to transport passengers without an
20accompanying driver.
21To be authorized to drive to work, the permittee is required
22to submit a document signed by the student’s parent or guardian
23and the student’s employer authorizing the permittee to operate
24under the bill to the department of transportation. The
25permittee must carry the document during travel.
26A violation of these provisions is punishable by a scheduled
27fine of $200 and can result in suspension of the instruction
28permit. A violation is also considered a moving violation,
29and as such, may be considered for purposes of administrative
30suspension of a driver’s license or to establish habitual
31offender status. Other violations of Code section 321.180B
32are not considered moving violations and are punishable by a
33scheduled fine of $70.
-16-je/rn
2applicable.
3BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF IOWA:
1 Section 1. Section 92.3, Code 2023, is amended to read as
2follows:
392.3 Under fourteen — work activities not permitted
4occupations.
5No person under fourteen years of age shall be employed
6or permitted to work with or without compensation in any
7occupation, except in the street occupations or migratory
8labor occupations specified in section 92.1 work activity.
9Any migratory laborer twelve to fourteen years of age may not
10work prior to or during the regular school hours of any day of
11any private or public school which teaches general education
12subjects and which is available to such child.
13 Sec. 2. Section 92.4, Code 2023, is amended to read as
14follows:
1592.4 Under sixteen — permitted occupations work activities.
16No person under sixteen years of age shall be employed
17or permitted to work with or without compensation in any
18occupation work activity during regular school hours, except
19the following work activities:
201. Those persons legally out of school, if such status
21is verified by the submission of written proof to the labor
22commissioner.
232. Those persons working in a supervised school-work
24program.
253. Those persons between the ages of fourteen and sixteen
26enrolled in school on a part-time basis and who are required to
27work as a part of their school training.
284. Fourteen- and fifteen-year-old migrant laborers during
29any hours when summer school is in session.
30 Sec. 3. Section 92.5, Code 2023, is amended to read as
31follows:
3292.5 Fourteen and fifteen — permitted occupations work
33activities.
34Persons fourteen and fifteen years of age may be employed or
35permitted to work in the following occupations work activities:
-1- 11. Retail, food service, and gasoline service
2establishments.
32. Office and clerical work, including operation of office
4machines.
53. Cashiering, selling, modeling, art work, work in
6advertising departments, window trimming, and comparative
7shopping.
84. Price marking and tagging by hand or by machine,
9assembling orders, packing, and shelving.
105. Bagging and carrying out customers’ orders.
116. Errand and delivery work by foot, bicycle, and public
12transportation.
137. Cleanup work, including the use of vacuum cleaners and
14floor waxers, and maintenance of grounds.
158. Kitchen work and other work involved in preparing and
16serving food and beverages, including the cleaning using
17kitchen cleaning products with required personal protective
18equipment, operation of machines and devices used in the
19performance of such work, including but not limited to
20microwaves, dishwashers, toasters, dumb-waiters, popcorn
21poppers, milk shake blenders, and coffee grinders.
229. a. Work in connection with motor vehicles and trucks if
23confined to the following:
24(1) Dispensing gasoline and oil.
25(2) Courtesy service.
26(3) Car cleaning, washing, and polishing.
27b. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to include
28work involving the use of pits, racks, or lifting apparatus or
29involving the inflation of any tire mounted on a rim equipped
30with a removable retaining ring.
3110. Cleaning vegetables and fruits, and wrapping, sealing,
32labeling, weighing, pricing, and stocking goods when performed
33in areas physically separate from areas where meat is prepared,
34for sale and outside including momentary work in freezers or
35 and meat coolers.
-2- 111. Loading onto motor vehicles and unloading from motor
2vehicles of the light, non-power-driven hand tools and personal
3protective equipment that the minor will use as part of their
4employment at the work site. Such light tools include but are
5not limited to rakes, hand-held clippers, shovels, and brooms.
6Such light tools do not include items such as trash, sales
7kits, promotion items or items for sale, lawn mowers, or other
8power-driven lawn maintenance equipment.
912. Laundering.
1013. Work in the production of seed, limited to removal of
11off-type plants and corn tassels and hand-pollinating from June
121 through Labor Day.
1314. Other work approved by the rules adopted pursuant to
14chapter 17A by the labor commissioner.
15 Sec. 4. Section 92.6, Code 2023, is amended to read as
16follows:
1792.6 Fourteen and fifteen — occupations work activities not
18permitted.
191. Persons fourteen and fifteen years of age may not be
20employed in:
21a. Any manufacturing occupation work activity.
22b. Any mining occupation work activity.
23c. Processing occupations work activities, except in a
24retail, food service, or gasoline service establishment in
25those specific occupations work activities expressly permitted
26under the provisions of section 92.5.
27d. Occupations Work activities requiring the performance
28of any duties in workrooms or work places where goods are
29manufactured, mined, or otherwise processed, except to the
30extent expressly permitted in retail, food service, or gasoline
31service establishments under the provisions of section 92.5.
32e. Public messenger service.
33f. Operation or tending of hoisting apparatus or of any
34power-driven machinery, other than office machines and machines
35in retail, food service, and gasoline service establishments
-3-1which are specified in section 92.5 as machines which that such
2minors may operate in such establishments.
3g. Occupations Work activities prohibited by rules adopted
4pursuant to chapter 17A by the labor commissioner.
5h. Occupations Work activities in connection with the
6following, except office or sales work in connection with these
7occupations work activities, not performed on transportation
8media or at the actual construction site:
9(1) Transportation of persons or property by rail, highway,
10air, on water, pipeline, or other means.
11(2) Warehousing and storage.
12(3) Communications and public utilities.
13(4) Construction, including repair.
14i. Any of the following occupations work activities in a
15retail, food service, or gasoline service establishment:
16(1) Work performed in or about boiler or engine rooms.
17(2) Work in connection with maintenance or repair of the
18establishment, machines, or equipment.
19(3) Outside window washing that involves working from
20window sills, and all work requiring the use of ladders,
21scaffolds, or their substitutes.
22(4) Cooking except at soda fountains, lunch counters, snack
23bars, or cafeteria serving counters, and baking.
24(5) Occupations which Work activities that involve
25operating, setting up, adjusting, cleaning, oiling, or
26repairing power-driven food slicers and grinders, food choppers
27and cutters, and bakery-type mixers.
28(6) Work in freezers and meat coolers and all work in
29preparation of meats for sale, except wrapping, sealing,
30labeling, weighing, pricing, and stocking when performed in
31other areas.
32(7) (6) Loading and unloading goods to and from trucks,
33railroad cars, or conveyors, except as permitted by section
3492.5, subsection 11.
35(8) (7) All occupations work activities in warehouses
-4-1except office and clerical work.
2j. Laundering, except for the use of a washing machine
3which has a capacity of less than ten cubic feet and which is
4designed to reach an internal temperature which does not exceed
5212 degrees Fahrenheit.
62. Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting
7office, errand, or packaging work when done away from moving
8machinery.
9 Sec. 5. NEW SECTION. 92.6A Fifteen — permitted work
10activities.
111. Persons fifteen years of age may be employed or permitted
12to work in any of the work activities provided in section 92.5
13in addition to the following work activities:
14a. Loading and unloading non-power-driven equipment weighing
15up to thirty pounds into motor vehicles.
16b. Loading and unloading groceries and other retail items
17weighing up to thirty pounds into motor vehicles.
18c. Stocking shelves with items weighing up to thirty pounds.
19d. If properly licensed, work as a lifeguard or swim
20instructor at a traditional swimming pool or amusement park.
212. The commissioner may issue a waiver of any weight
22limitations provided in subsection 1 of up to fifty pounds
23depending on the strength and ability of the fifteen-year-old.
243. The commissioner may issue a waiver for a
25fifteen-year-old to be able to load and unload light
26power-driven lawn machines based on the ability of the minor if
27the minor is supervised, the machine is powered off, and the
28safety key is stored away from the machine.
294. The commissioner may issue a waiver for a
30fifteen-year-old to perform light assembly work as long
31as the assembly is not performed on machines or in an area with
32machines.
33 Sec. 6. Section 92.7, Code 2023, is amended to read as
34follows:
3592.7 Under sixteen — hours permitted.
-5- 1A person under sixteen years of age shall not be employed
2with or without compensation, except as provided in sections
392.2 92.5 and 92.3 92.6A, before the hour of 7:00 a.m.or after
47:00 9:00 p.m., except during the period from June 1 through
5Labor Day when the hours may be extended to 9:00 11:00 p.m.
6If such person is employed for a period of five hours or more
7each day, an intermission of not less than thirty minutes shall
8be given. Such a person shall not be employed for more than
9eight hours in one day, exclusive of intermission, and shall
10not be employed for more than forty hours in one week. The
11hours of work of persons under sixteen years of age employed
12outside school hours shall not exceed four six in one day or
13twenty-eight in one week while school is in session.
14 Sec. 7. NEW SECTION. 92.7A Sixteen and seventeen — hours
15permitted.
16A person who is sixteen or seventeen years of age may work
17the same hours as a person who is eighteen years of age.
18 Sec. 8. Section 92.8, Code 2023, is amended to read as
19follows:
2092.8 Under eighteen — prohibited occupations work
21activities.
22No person under eighteen years of age shall be employed
23or permitted to work with or without compensation at any
24of the following occupations work activities or business
25establishments:
261. Occupations Work activities in or about plants or
27establishments manufacturing or storing explosives or articles
28containing explosive components, except for the following:
29a. Performing light assembly work as long as the assembly is
30not performed on machines or in an area with machines.
31b. Selling or assisting in the sale of consumer fireworks in
32accordance with section 100.19.
332. Occupations of motor vehicle driver and helper.
343. 2. Logging occupations Logging and occupations in
35 the operation of any sawmill, lath mill, shingle mill, or
-6-1cooperage-stock mill.
24. 3. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
3power-driven woodworking machines.
45. 4. Occupations Work activities involving exposure to
5radioactive substances and to ionizing radiations.
66. 5. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
7elevators and other power-driven hoisting apparatus.
87. 6. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
9power-driven metal forming, punching, and shearing machines.
108. 7. Occupations in connection withmining Mining.
119. 8. Occupations Work activities in or about slaughtering
12and meat packing establishments and rendering plants.
1310. 9. Occupations involved in the operation Operation
14 of certain power-driven bakery machines. Except as otherwise
15provided in this subsection, this subsection does not apply to
16the operation of pizza dough rollers that are a type of dough
17sheeter that have been constructed with safeguards contained in
18the basic design so as to prevent fingers, hands, or clothing
19from being caught in the in-running point of the rollers,
20that have gears that are completely enclosed, and that have
21microswitches that disengage the machinery if the backs or
22sides of the rollers are removed, only when all the safeguards
23detailed in this subsection are present on the machinery, are
24operational, and have not been overridden. However, this
25subsection does apply to the setting up, adjusting, repairing,
26oiling, or cleaning of pizza dough rollers as described in this
27subsection.
2811. 10. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
29certain power-driven paper products machines, except loading
30balers if the machine is powered off and the key is stored in a
31separate area from the machine.
3212. 11. Occupations involved in the manufacture
33 Manufacturing of brick, tile, and related products.
3413. 12. Occupations involved in the operation Operation of
35circular saws, band saws, and guillotine shears.
-7- 114. 13. Occupations involved in wrecking Wrecking,
2demolition, and shipbreaking operations.
315. 14. Occupations involved in roofing Roofing
4 operations.
516. 15. Excavation occupations.
617. 16. In Work activities in or about foundries; provided
7that office, shipping, and assembly area employment shall not
8be prohibited by this chapter.
918. 17. Occupations involving the operation Operation of
10dry cleaning or dyeing machinery.
1119. 18. Occupations Work activities involving exposure to
12lead fumes or its compounds, or to dangerous or poisonous dyes
13or chemicals.
1420. 19. Occupations involving the transmission
15 Transmission, distribution, or delivery of goods or messages
16between the hours of 10:00 p.m.and 5:00 a.m.
1721. 20. Occupations Work activities prohibited by rules
18adopted pursuant to chapter 17A by the labor commissioner.
19 Sec. 9. NEW SECTION. 92.8A Approved career and technical
20education, work-based learning, internships, registered
21apprenticeship programs, and student learners.
221. The director of the department of workforce development
23or department of education may grant an exception from any
24provision of section 92.6, 92.7, or 92.8 for minors fourteen
25to seventeen years of age participating in work-based learning
26or a school or employer-administered, work-related program
27approved by the department of workforce development or the
28department of education if all of the following apply:
29a. The requestor demonstrates the activity will be performed
30under adequate supervision and training.
31b. The training includes adequate safety precautions.
32c. The terms and conditions of the proposed employment will
33not interfere with the health, well-being, or schooling of the
34minor enrolled in the approved program.
35d. The work is not prohibited under section 92.6, subsection
-8-11, paragraph “b”, or section 92.8, subsection 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, or
218.
32. Section 92.8 shall not apply to a student in an approved
4work-based learning program, registered apprenticeship, career
5and technical education program, or student learner program
6provided the student is employed under all of the following
7conditions:
8a. The student is employed in a craft recognized as an
9apprenticeable trade or the student is employed under a written
10employment agreement.
11b. The work of the apprentice or student employee in the
12work activities declared particularly hazardous is incidental
13to the apprentice’s training.
14c. The work is intermittent and for short periods of time
15and is under the direct and close supervision of a qualified
16and experienced person.
17d. Adequate on-the-job training and safety instructions are
18in place.
19e. The work is not prohibited under section 92.8, subsection
201, 2, 4, 7, 8, or 18.
213. A minor shall not perform work under this section
22unless the commissioner has on file written permission from
23the minor’s parent, guardian, or legal custodian, and from the
24school administering the program or employer, for the minor to
25perform work under this section.
26 Sec. 10. Section 92.17, subsections 2 and 4, Code 2023, are
27amended by striking the subsections.
28 Sec. 11. Section 92.17, subsection 3, Code 2023, is amended
29to read as follows:
303. A child from working in any occupation work activity or
31business operated by the child’s parents. For the purposes
32of this subsection, “child” and “parents” include a foster
33child and the child’s foster parents who are licensed by the
34department of health and human services.
35 Sec. 12. Section 92.19, subsections 2 and 3, Code 2023, are
-9-1amended by striking the subsections.
2 Sec. 13. Section 92.20, subsection 1, Code 2023, is amended
3by striking the subsection.
4 Sec. 14. Section 92.21, subsection 1, Code 2023, is amended
5to read as follows:
61. The labor commissioner may adopt rules pursuant to
7chapter 17A to more specifically define the occupations work
8activities and equipment permitted or prohibited in this
9chapter, to determine occupations for which work permits are
10required, and to issue general and special orders prohibiting
11or allowing the employment of persons under eighteen years
12of age in any place of employment defined in this chapter as
13hazardous to the health, safety, and welfare of the persons.
14 Sec. 15. Section 92.22, subsection 1, Code 2023, is amended
15to read as follows:
161. The labor commissioner shall enforce this chapter.
17An employer who violates this chapter or the rules adopted
18pursuant to this chapter is subject to a civil penalty of
19not more than ten thousand dollars for each violation. The
20commissioner may waive or reduce a civil penalty based on
21evidence the commissioner may obtain. The commissioner shall
22provide a fifteen-day grace period before imposing a civil
23penalty.
24 Sec. 16. Section 92.23, Code 2023, is amended to read as
25follows:
2692.23 Group insurance.
27Anyone under the age of eighteen and subject to this chapter
28employed in the street occupations who sells or delivers work
29activities of selling or delivering the product or service
30of another and who is designated in such capacity as an
31independent contractor shall be provided participation, if the
32person under the age of eighteen desires it at group rate cost,
33in group insurance for medical, hospital, nursing, and doctor
34expenses incurred as a result of injuries sustained arising out
35of and in the course of selling or delivering such product or
-10-1service by the person, firm, or corporation whose product or
2service is so delivered.
3 Sec. 17. NEW SECTION. 92.24 Employer liability in
4work-based learning.
51. For purposes of this section, unless the context
6otherwise requires:
7a. “Business” means any city, county, or township, including
8but not limited to a fire department or law enforcement
9office or department, public university, municipal university,
10community college, technical college or not-for-profit
11private postsecondary educational institution, corporation,
12association, partnership, proprietorship, limited liability
13company, limited partnership, limited liability partnership,
14organization or other legal entity, whether for-profit or
15not-for-profit, that does all of the following:
16(1) Enters into an agreement with a school district for a
17work-based learning program.
18(2) Directly supervises a student who is participating in
19the work-based learning program, either on the premises of the
20business or at another location.
21b. “Work-based learning program” means a learning program to
22which all of the following apply:
23(1) The program includes but is not limited to work-related,
24on-the-job training, job shadowing, internships, clinicals,
25practicums, registered apprenticeships, co-ops, supervised
26agricultural experiences, and industry-led service-learning
27projects.
28(2) The program is incorporated into secondary coursework
29or related to a specific field of study.
30(3) The program integrates knowledge and theory learned
31in the classroom or other school-approved setting with
32the practical application and development of skills and
33proficiencies in a professional work setting.
342. A business that accepts a secondary student in a
35work-based learning program shall not be subject to civil
-11-1liability for any claim for bodily injury to the student or
2sickness or death by accident of the student arising from
3the student’s driving to or from the business or worksite to
4participate in the work-based learning program unless the
5student is acting within the course and scope of the student’s
6employment at the direction of the business.
73. Any claim for bodily injury to the student or sickness or
8death by accident of the student arising from the business’s
9negligent act or omission during the student’s participation
10in the work-based learning program at the business or worksite
11shall be recovered exclusively under chapters 85, 85A, 85B, and
1286.
13 Sec. 18. Section 123.49, subsection 2, paragraph f, Code
142023, is amended to read as follows:
15f. Employ a person under eighteen years of age in the
16sale or serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption on
17the premises where sold. This paragraph shall not apply if
18the employer has on file written permission from the parent,
19guardian, or legal custodian of a person sixteen or seventeen
20years of age for the person to sell or serve alcoholic
21beverages for consumption on the premises where sold. The
22employer shall keep a copy of the written permission on file
23until the person is either eighteen years of age or no longer
24engaged in the sale of or serving alcoholic beverages for
25consumption on the premises where sold.
26 Sec. 19. Section 321.180B, subsection 1, paragraph c, Code
272023, is amended by adding the following new subparagraph:
28 NEW SUBPARAGRAPH. (3) (a) If the permittee is employed,
29the permittee may operate a motor vehicle to and from work
30without an accompanying driver no earlier than forty-five
31minutes prior to the start of the permittee’s work shift and no
32later than forty—five minutes after the end of the permittee’s
33work shift, during the hours authorized under section 92.7,
34provided the driving distance between the point of origin
35and the destination is no more than twenty—five miles, the
-12-1location of the establishment is a fixed location and is the
2only location at which the permittee is authorized to work for
3the employer, the permittee carries the document required under
4subparagraph division (c) during travel, and the travel is for
5purposes of getting to or from the location for employment.
6(b) If traveling without an accompanying driver, the
7permittee shall not transport any passengers.
8(c) Before operating under this subparagraph, the permittee
9shall submit a document signed by the student’s parent or
10guardian and the student’s employer authorizing the permittee
11to operate under this subparagraph to the department.
12 Sec. 20. Section 321.180B, subsection 7, Code 2023, is
13amended to read as follows:
147. Citations for violation of restrictions. A person who
15violates the restrictions imposed under subsection 1, 2, or
166 may be issued a citation under this section and shall not
17be issued a citation under section 321.193. A Except for
18violations of subsection 1, paragraph “c”, subparagraph (3), a
19 violation of the restrictions imposed under subsection 1, 2,
20or 6 shall not be considered a moving violation. A violation
21of subsection 1, paragraph “c”, subparagraph (3), shall be
22considered a moving violation.
23 Sec. 21. Section 805.8A, subsection 4, paragraph e, Code
242023, is amended to read as follows:
25e. (1) Section 321.180B, other than section 321.180B,
26 subsection 1, paragraph “c”, subparagraph (3) $ 70.
27(2) Section 321.180B, subsection 1, paragraph “c”,
28subparagraph (3)$200.
29 Sec. 22. REPEAL. Sections 92.1, 92.2, 92.9, 92.10, 92.11,
3092.12, 92.13, 92.14, 92.15, 92.16, and 92.18, Code 2023, are
31repealed.
32EXPLANATION
33The inclusion of this explanation does not constitute agreement with
34the explanation’s substance by the members of the general assembly.
35This bill relates to youth employment.
-13- 1CHILD LABOR. The bill includes various amendments to
2Code chapter 92, relating to child labor. The bill strikes
3provisions providing for child labor permits and migrant
4child labor permits. The bill strikes provisions allowing
5certain children under 14 years of age to engage in street
6occupations. The bill modifies permitted and prohibited
7work that can be performed by minors 14 to 17 years of age,
8as well as hours in which work can be performed. The bill
9strikes penalties for certain actions taken in violation
10of Code chapter 92 to procure employment for oneself or
11of another person; other penalties for violations of Code
12chapter 92 are retained. Under current law, a violation
13of Code chapter 92 is generally a serious misdemeanor. A
14serious misdemeanor is punishable by confinement for no more
15than one year and a fine of at least $430 but not more than
16$2,560. The bill allows the labor commissioner to waive or
17reduce a civil penalty under Code chapter 92 based on evidence
18the commissioner may obtain and requires the commissioner to
19provide a 15-day grace period before imposing a civil penalty.
20Under current law, an employer violating Code chapter 92 is
21subject to a civil penalty of up to $10,000. The bill changes
22terminology referring to “occupations” to instead refer to
23“work activities”.
24The bill allows the director of the department of workforce
25development or department of education to grant an exception
26from specified provisions of Code chapter 92 relating to
27prohibited work activities and work hours for minors 14 to 17
28years of age participating in work-based learning or a school
29or employer-administered, work-related program approved by
30the department of workforce development or the department of
31education if specified conditions apply. The bill provides
32that specified prohibitions on work activities are inapplicable
33to a student in an approved work-based learning program,
34registered apprenticeship, career and technical education
35program, or student learner program provided the student is
-14-1employed under specified conditions. A minor shall not perform
2work under these provisions unless the labor commissioner has
3on file written permission from the minor’s parent, guardian,
4or legal custodian, and from the school administering the
5program or employer, for the minor to perform work under these
6provisions.
7The bill provides that a business that accepts a secondary
8student in a work-based learning program shall not be subject
9to civil liability for any claim for bodily injury to the
10student or sickness or death by accident of the student arising
11from the student’s driving to or from the business or worksite
12to participate in the work-based learning program unless the
13student is acting within the course and scope of the student’s
14employment at the direction of the business. Any claim for
15bodily injury to the student or sickness or death by accident
16of the student arising from the business’s negligent act or
17omission during the student’s participation in the work-based
18learning program at the business or worksite shall be recovered
19exclusively under workers’ compensation.
20ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. The bill allows a person 16 to 17
21years of age to be employed in the sale or serving of alcoholic
22beverages for on-premises consumption under Code section 123.49
23if the employer has on file written permission from the parent,
24guardian, or legal custodian of the person. The employer shall
25keep a copy of the written permission on file until the person
26is either 18 years of age or no longer engaged in the sale of
27or serving alcoholic beverages.
28A violation of Code section 123.49 is a simple misdemeanor.
29A simple misdemeanor is punishable by confinement for no more
30than 30 days and a fine of at least $105 but not more than $855.
31MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATION. Under current law, persons
32age 14 to 18 may operate motor vehicles on highways under a
33graduated license under Code section 321.180B. Graduated
34licenses under Code section 321.180B include a three-step
35process from instruction permit to intermediate license to
-15-1full driver’s license. Instruction permit holders (age 14 to
218) must be accompanied by a certain type of licensed driver,
3such as a parent, at all times. For an intermediate license
4holder (age 16 or 17), an accompanying driver is not required
5between the hours of 5:00 a.m.and 12:30 a.m., or between the
6hours of 12:30 a.m.and 5:00 a.m.to and from school-related
7extracurricular activities and work if the licensee possesses a
8waiver.
9The bill authorizes a person issued an instruction permit
10to drive to and from work without an accompanying driver no
11earlier than 45 minutes prior to the start of, and no later
12than 45 minutes after the end of, the person’s work shift
13if the person is employed. The driving distance between the
14point of origin and the destination cannot exceed 25 miles, the
15location of the work establishment must be a fixed location
16and the only location at which the permittee is authorized to
17work for the employer, and the travel is required to be for
18purposes of getting to or from the location for employment. A
19permittee is not authorized to transport passengers without an
20accompanying driver.
21To be authorized to drive to work, the permittee is required
22to submit a document signed by the student’s parent or guardian
23and the student’s employer authorizing the permittee to operate
24under the bill to the department of transportation. The
25permittee must carry the document during travel.
26A violation of these provisions is punishable by a scheduled
27fine of $200 and can result in suspension of the instruction
28permit. A violation is also considered a moving violation,
29and as such, may be considered for purposes of administrative
30suspension of a driver’s license or to establish habitual
31offender status. Other violations of Code section 321.180B
32are not considered moving violations and are punishable by a
33scheduled fine of $70.
-16-je/rn