641—38.4 (136C) General regulatory requirements.
	 38.4(1) Records.
	  a.   	 Each licensee and registrant shall maintain records showing the receipt, transfer, and disposal of all sources of radiation. Additional record requirements are specified elsewhere in these rules.
	  b.   	 Electronic records.
	 (1) 	 A record or signature shall not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form.
	 (2) 	 A contract shall not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because an electronic record was used in its formation.
	 (3) 	 If a rule requires a record to be in writing, an electronic record shall satisfy the rule.
	 (4) 	 If a rule requires a signature, an electronic signature shall satisfy the rule.
	 38.4(2) Inspections.
	  a.   	 Each licensee and registrant shall afford the agency at all reasonable times opportunity to inspect sources of radiation and the premises and facilities wherein such sources of radiation are used or stored.
	  b.   	 Each licensee and registrant shall make available to the agency for inspection, upon reasonable notice, records maintained pursuant to these rules.
	 38.4(3) Tests. Each licensee and registrant shall perform upon instructions from the agency, or shall permit the agency to perform, such reasonable tests as the agency deems appropriate or necessary including, but not limited to, tests of:
	  a.   	 Sources of radiation;
	  b.   	 Facilities wherein sources of radiation are used or stored;
	  c.   	 Radiation detection and monitoring instruments; and
	  d.   	 Other equipment and devices used in connection with utilization or storage of licensed or registered sources of radiation.
	 38.4(4) Units of exposure and dose.
	  a.   	 As used in these rules, the quality factors for converting absorbed dose to dose equivalent are shown in Table I.
TABLE I
QUALITY FACTORS AND ABSORBED DOSE EQUIVALENCIES

TYPE OF RADIATION	Quality Factor
(Q)	Absorbed Dose Equal to a Unit Dose Equivalent
(see footnote “1”)	
X, gamma, or beta radiation and
high-speed electrons	1	1	
Alpha particles, multiple-charged
particles, fission fragments and
heavy particles of unknown charge	20	0.05	
Neutrons of unknown energy	10	0.1	
High-energy protons	10	0.1	
1. Absorbed dose in rad equal to 1 rem or the absorbed dose in gray equal to 1 sievert.
	  b.   	 If it is more convenient to measure the neutron fluence rate than to determine the neutron dose equivalent rate in sievert per hour or rem per hour, as provided in 38.4(4)“a,” 1 rem (0.01 Sv) of neutron radiation of unknown energies may, for purposes of these rules, be assumed to result from a total fluence of 25 million neutrons per square centimeter incident upon the body. If sufficient information exists to estimate the approximate energy distribution of the neutrons, the licensee or registrant may use the fluence rate per unit dose equivalent or the appropriate Q value from Table II to convert a measured tissue dose in gray or rad to dose equivalent in sievert or rem.
TABLE II
MEAN QUALITY FACTORS, Q, AND FLUENCE PER UNIT DOSE
EQUIVALENT FOR MONOENERGETIC NEUTRONS

 	Neutron
Energy
(MeV)	Quality
Factora
(Q)	Fluence per Unit
Dose Equivalentb
(neutrons cm-2 rem-1)	Fluence per Unit
Dose Equivalentb
(neutrons cm-2 Sv-1)	
 	 	 	 	 	
(thermal)	2.5E–8	2	980E+6	980E+8	
 	1E–7	2	980E+6	980E+8	
 	1E–6	2	810E+6	810E+8	
 	1E–5	2	810E+6	810E+8	
 	1E–4	2	840E+6	840E+8	
 	1E–3	2	980E+6	980E+8	
 	1E–2	2.5	1010E+6	1010E+8	
 	1E–1	7.5	170E+6	170E+8	
 	5E–1	11	39E+6	39E+8	
 	1	11	27E+6	27E+8	
 	2.5	9	29E+6	29E+8	
 	5	8	23E+6	23E+8	
 	7	7	24E+6	24E+8	
 	10	6.5	24E+6	24E+8	
 	14	7.5	17E+6	17E+8	
 	20	8	16E+6	16E+8	
 	40	7	14E+6	14E+8	
 	60	5.5	16E+6	16E+8	
 	1E+2	4	20E+6	20E+8	
 	2E+2	3.5	19E+6	19E+8	
 	3E+2	3.5	16E+6	16E+8	
 	4E+2	3.5	14E+6	14E+8	
aValue of quality factor (Q) at the point where the dose equivalent is maximum in a 30-centimeter diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
bMonoenergetic neutrons incident normally on a 30-centimeter diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
	 38.4(5) Units of activity. Rescinded IAB 4/8/98, effective 7/1/98.
	 38.4(6) Additional requirements. The agency may, by rule, regulation, or order, impose upon any licensee or registrant such requirements in addition to those established in these rules as it deems appropriate or necessary to minimize danger to public health and safety or property.